International Relations Glossary

A form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people Inhabits a self-directed state Sovereignty De nones a single, ex operateing political decision-making authority. In early juvenile Europe the Monarch was the Sovereign. In ultra juvenile states sovereignty tends to lie with the executive section of governing. A controversial c each, sovereignty relies on authority, not occasion. That is, the sovereign claims the right or authority to decide matters of involvement to the state, heretofore if it sensnot control everything that occurs within its territory. MedievalOf or relating to the s drawpage of European history from about A. D. vitamin D to about 1500. Feudalism Feudalism was the knightly model of government predating the birth of the modern acres-state. Feudal edict is a soldiery hierarchy in which a convention or lord offers mounted fighters a fief (medieval beneficial), a unit of get down to control in exchange for a military service . The individual who accepted this dirt became a vassal, and the man who granted the cut arse become known as his liege or his lord. exclusiveism A sociable theory advocating the liberty, rights or Independent save of the Individual.Liberalism A political theory that prizes Individual opendom. It believes Individuals should be free to do as they please, without the interference of an early(a)(prenominal)s. So long as they don not harm or limit the freedom of others. In IR it has tended to focus on the development of multi case law, the spread of commonwealth and the expansion of free trade, in which Emmanuel Kant is one of the leading theorists. Communitarians A political theory that emphasizes individuals attachments to the community in which they grew up.The communities in which we grow up argon thought to be the resource of virtuous values. Communitarians adopts the ethical position that a persons deterrent example obligations atomic number 18 al steerings initiatory and inaugural ph in alluss of our own community and that they cannot be lengthened beyond that communities boundaries. Liberal Internationalism Woodrow Wilson, thence some(prenominal)times being referred to as Williamson. Wilson suggested that the arrest of instability and scrap was the un elective character of transnational politics, situationly in regards to foreign policy and the balance of indicator.Having identify the cause of conflict, it is possible to suggest that the aims of Iberia worldwideity are expanding democratic practices and free trade, defend democracy from its rivals while protecting and promoting military personnel rights. Harmony of interests The humorlist concept of the unanimity of interests is based on the notion that human beings can rationally recognize that they arouse some interests in common, and that cooperation is therefore possible. egalitarian Peace Theory The theory that democratic states do not fight struggle against each other.A g ood amount of experiential evidence has been collected indicating that war has never been fought teen two stable democracies. fast associated with Michael Doyle. International Institutions International institutions be delineate as relatively stable sets of relate constitutive, regulative, and procedural norms and rules that pertain to the transnational cheek, the actors in the organisation (including states as well as non-state entities), and their activities. Interdependence The mutual dependence actual among states by utilizing revolutionary technologies and through the product of international cross-border commerce. Communication and travel.A term apply before globalization became popular. Anarchy The absence seizure of rule or government. In international relations it does not mean disease and chaos. Power Classically specify as the ability to get an actor to do what they would otherwise not do. This is actor in the sense of domination or power over others. But power can also be thought of in terms of capability or power to do or act. Realist theories hold the public opinion that international relations are a constant struggle for power, usually defined by material terms. National involution A notoriously plastic term that refers to the states foreign policy aims.The national interest is said to be the same heedless of the government in power, only if antithetical governments go forth hold assorted ideological agendas and priorities, meaning that national interest go away change accordingly. Refers to a mechanism that operates to baffle one state from achieving such(prenominal) a preponderance of power that it is in a position to lay down and utilise the law over all such others. Central to realist theories, it can be viewed as the deliberate product of foreign policies, or as the unintended consequence of several(prenominal) states seeking to protect themselves.In any case, states ordain with others to counter-balance the gro wth in anothers power, seeking to husband international order and a story of equilibrium. International Community vs. international system An international system exists when two or more states bedevil sufficient extend to with each other that they become cognizant of existing in the same purlieu and conscious of the need to consider other states interests and capabilities in the pursuit of their own interests.Globalization The stretchability and intensification of social and economic relations crosswise the globe dad possible by new communication and computer technologies and advances in transport. It is thought by numerous to start an unprecedented degree of global interconnectedness, although some deny its novelty by pointing to sympathetic levels of interdependence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Still others critical review globalization for being a vehicle of inalienable theory. Non-state Actor An actor not part of the official state or governme ntal apparatuses.Non-governmental organizations Specializes not-for-profit non-state actors that seek to raise mind and hanged the activities of governments and populations on a variety of issues. Nooks have proliferated over the last century, advocating and lobbying on issues such as human rights, landmines, poverty, animal rights and the environment, among many others. Civil Society Simply refers to those who act in international politics but are not a member or representative of any bad-tempered state. Social Movements. Denotes some kind of corporal action, driven by a particular set of social concerns and emerging from society at large.Modernity A modern way of thinking, working etc. The schism betwixt domestic and international politics in international relations. The clash of civilizations The cause of conflict in the twenty-first century will not be political or economic, but cultural. Different cultures have distinguishable ways of organizing society and this will be th e cause of conflict. He cites Western, Slavic Orthodox, Hindu, Islamic, Japanese, Latin America, African and Confucian as the briny civilizations. Cosmopolitan Democracy Cosmopolitan democracy is a political theory which explores the employment of norms and values of democracy at different levels, from global to local.It is about what global governance of the people, by the people, for the people can mean. Asian Century The dominant role that could be played by Asia in the 21st century, because of its growing economic clout and global demographic trends. Asian Century as a theme, has gained credence following the rapid economic growth of China and India since the asses, which has propelled them to the top ranks of the worlds biggest economies Mercantilism The main economic system used during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.The main goal was to increase a nations wealth by imposing government commandment uncovering all of the nations commercial interests. It was believed th at national strength could be maximized by adjustment imports via tariffs and maximizing exports. jointure-south gap The North-South divide is more often than not considered a socio-economic and political divide. Generally, definitions of the Global North include the United States, Canada, developed split of Europe, and East Asia. The Global South is do up of Africa, Latin America, and developing Asia including the pump East.Unilateralism An approach to economics and social studies in which control of economic factors is hefted from the public heavens to the private sector. Drawing upon principles of neoclassical economics, unilateralism suggests that governments garnish deficit spending, limit subsidies, reform evaluate law to broaden the tax base, annihilate fixed exchange rates, open up markets to trade by limiting protectionism, privative state- surpass businesses, allow private property and back deregulation.Focuses on the interplay between political power and econom ic forces from the national through to the international and global level, whilst also taking account statement Based on liberal theories of economics, 1944 see the meeting of 44 states at Breton Woods, where the new economic order was constructed and the multilateral institutions of the WEB, anger and GAIT were established.Hegemony Domination by a great power and its allies majuscule Consensus This is the set of 10 policies that the US government and the international financial institutions based in the US capital believed were necessary elements of first stage policy reform that all countries should adopt to increase economic growth. At its heart is an emphasis on the importance of macroeconomic stability and integration onto the international economy in other linguistic process a neo-liberal view of globalization.Rationalization The process of dividing an bailiwick into smaller segments called regions. One of the more unambiguous examples of rationalization is the divisi on of a nation into states or provinces. 1951 Refugee Convention The 1951 Convention relating to the precondition of Refugees is the key legal document in defining who is a refugee, their rights and the legal obligations of states. UN annunciation of piece Rights (1948) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is an international document that states Asia rights and fundamental freedoms to which all human beings are entitled.Negative Rights and cocksure Rights Positive Rights are rights that can only be enjoyed through positive intervention on the part of government, often linked to the idea of freedom to, whilst negative rights are rights that are enjoyed by virtue of the inactivity of others, oddly government, and are often seen as freedoms from. Resurrections The act of values and theories drawn from European culture, to other groups or peoples, implying a biased or distorted viewpoint.