Sample Presentation on Success in Life

Public speaking is a difficult task for anyone regardless of ones personality traits. Both extroverts and introverts experience difficulties when giving public presentations because simply being confident is not enough to deliver a good presentation. A successful presentation is one that captures the interest of an audience and delivering one involves preparing a written sample and practicing its delivery. Here is a sample presentation on success in life. It is important to note that success has different meanings for each of us. A professional athlete might define success as winning a medal in the Olympics while simply qualifying for the Olympics would be viewed as success to other athletes. Irrespective of your definition of what it means to be successful, there is a general mind set and approach you must imbibe to achieve it. It consists of, first of all, thinking positively: are you an optimist or a pessimist? Whichever your answer is, it is important that one understands the power of the mind and how it affects the way we approach tasks. Mastering the act of positivity gives everyone a head start in life regardless of the challenges you might face working to achieve your goals. You must also be willing to work diligently: in a professional setting, diligence means the ability to work hard and go the extra mile to get your job done. Irrespective of work policies, a diligent worker will always be noticed which could lead to rapid promotions and ultimately a successful career in life. Setting attainable goals is an important skill for success as well. Breaking down your goals into set categories is one way to stay focused while striving to achieve your aims. To do this, simply divide bulky projects into smaller components and set timeframes for completing each component. Once this is done, you must avoid procrastination when trying to execute the required task. With time, working to achieve set goals by effectively managing your time will become a part of you. To be successful you have to achieve a good work-life balance: while wealth and financial success increases an individuals quality of life, a good upbringing and family life elevates the society we live in. Therefore, it is imperative for all who make up the working class to also pay attention to their personal health, happiness and family. Employers are also saddled with the responsibility of ensuring that their workers are provided with enough time to participate in family activities. You also need to learn to communicate properly. We interact by talking, and developing good interpersonal skills is important for achieving success both in the professional and domestic front. Successful professionals learn to communicate their ideas perfectly through speaking, in writing or by presenting information using PowerPoint. At home, speaking with your close ones and understanding your familys needs will make communication among family members delightful. Lastly, striving to do your best in every situation you find yourself ensures that you are on the pathway to success in both your professional and domestic life. References Christina, D. (2015). 7 Scientifically Proven Ways to Achieve Better Success in Life. Available at: http://www.inc.com/christina-desmarais/7-scientifically-proven-ways-to-achieve-better-success-in-life.html Larry, S. (2015). 20 Essential Life Lessons for Happiness and Success. Available at: http://www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2014/08/18/20-essential-life-lessons-for-happiness-and-success/#557c24378682 Kara, H. (2014). How To Be Successful In Life: 13 Tips From The World’s Most Successful People. Available at: http://www.lifehack.org/articles/lifestyle/how-to-be-successful-in-life.html Gayle, S. (2014). 10 Characteristics Successful Business Owners Share. Available at: http://www.businessknowhow.com/growth/bizlife.html Meiko, P. (2014). 21 Ways to Achieve Wealth and Success. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/238630 Napoleon, H. (1937). Think and Grow Rich, 8-9. Carnegie, D. (2011). How To Win Friends and Influence People, 143.

The Risk Management Procedures And Kappa Gamma Fraternity...

THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES AND KAPPA KAPPA GAMMA FRATERNITY BYLAWS, STANDING RULES, AND POLICIES MUST ALWAYS BE FOLLOWED SO THAT THE INSURANCE PROGRAM OF KAPPA KAPPA GAMMA IS NOT JEOPARDIZED, EXPOSING THE FRATERNITY OR INDIVIDUALS TO CIVIL LIABILITY. Chapter events must be planned with respect for the academic responsibilities of each member and must follow Risk Management Procedures. All planning must be in accordance with current Fraternity Bylaws, Standing Rules and Policies and local, state/provincial, and federal laws. The following chapter events require an Event Planning Form: 1. Any event involving alcohol. 2. Any event away from the chapter facility involving chapter members and/or new members (e.g., a new member retreat) or any event where there is a potential risk involved. Fraternity Policies state, â€Å"Chapters may co-sponsor events in men’s facilities such as dorms, lodges, or houses, if and only if, those facilities are alcohol-free. A request for an exception shall be directed to the Risk Management Director.† Chapters failing to follow this policy will be subject to disciplinary action. CO-SPONSORS 1. All co-sponsors must be in good standing, recognized by the university and their national organization, and have insurance. 2. All co-sponsors understand and are willing to follow state laws and Kappa Kappa Gamma Fraternity Policies and Risk Management Procedures. 3. All co-sponsors must co-sign the Event Planning Form and the Kappa Kappa GammaShow MoreRelatedMy Community Essay1256 Words   |  6 PagesF. Meetings. An adviser shall be present at chapter meetings for the election of officers, revision of chapter Bylaws and Standing Rules, preparation and presentation of the budget, committee meetings — including those of the Nominating Committee and consideration of disciplinary action by the chapter and Standards Committee — and for Chapter Council meetings, membership selection sessions, officer training, and Initiation. G. Recruitment. In the areas where assistance is needed, the Advisory BoardRead MoreThe Risk Management Procedures And The Bylaws1240 Words   |  5 PagesTHE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES AND THE BYLAWS, STANDING RULES, AND POLICIES OF KAPPA KAPPA GAMMA MUST ALWAYS BE FOLLOWED SO THAT THE INSURANCE PROGRAM OF KAPPA KAPPA GAMMA IS NOT JEOPARDIZED, EXPOSING THE FRATERNITY OR INDIVIDUALS TO CIVIL LIABILITY. Chapter events must be planned with respect for the academic responsibilities of each member and must follow Risk Management Procedures. All planning must be in accordance with current Fraternity Bylaws, Standing Rules and Policies and local, state/provincialRead MoreHazing Of Hazing And Hazing1517 Words   |  7 PagesPosition Statement: Hazing Kappa Kappa Gamma recognizes the inherent dangers of hazing. Accordingly, Kappa Kappa Gamma strictly prohibits any form of hazing, which the Fraternity broadly defines as any activity or action taken with or without consent of the individual involved that produces mental, emotional, psychological or physical discomfort, intimidation, humiliation, degradation, embarrassment, harassment or ridicule. In addition to the Fraternity’s hazing policy, members are reminded thatRead MoreHazing Prevention : Lesson 11206 Words   |  5 PagesHazing Prevention: Lesson 1 In this course, members will learn about the different types of hazing and how to recognize when they occur. Members will also review Kappa’s anti-hazing policies so that they can take action to uphold Fraternity values and overcome the stigma that hazing places upon Greek-letter organizations. Hazing Prevention: Lesson 2 In this course, members will learn the psychology behind hazing, focusing particularly on negative â€Å"traditions† and group power dynamics. A Kappa’sRead MoreKappa Organizational Structure1367 Words   |  6 Pagesfee paid to Kappa Headquarters by collegiate members: $87 Badge price varies per style chosen: $40–$350 Chapter Dues we consider the financial responsibilities of other groups on campus and set our fees to be comparable. House Board Fees vary according to the housing situation on campus. New members and active members may apply to be put on a payment plan with the expectation that all fees are paid in full within the term they are billed. Kappa chapters do not assess members. All Kappa-related expensesRead MorePosition Statement For Women In America1594 Words   |  7 Pageschapter programming, Kappa offers members Not Anymore, an engaging online program facilitated by peers. Throughout the course, young women share their stories about difficult t opics, including sexual assault, relationship and dating violence, consent and bystander intervention. We value opportunities to support women beyond individual chapters by collaborating with other organizations to bring awareness to important topics that have profound effects on young people. In fact, Kappa was the first NationalRead MoreIntroduction To Fraternity Bylaws And Standing Rules1370 Words   |  6 Pagesalumnae association President must submit the Delegate Submission Form by April 15. Proposed Bylaws The 2018 General Convention is right around the corner. The proposed amendments to the Fraternity Bylaws and Standing Rules, which will be considered at Convention, will be available in March 2018. If you are attending Convention, there is an educational session scheduled regarding the Fraternity Bylaws and Standing Rules. This will be an opportunity for you to ask your final questions about theRead MoreCommon Risks Of Alcohol Misuse Or Abuse, Transportation, And Lapses1941 Words   |  8 Pagesgroup is pledged. †¢ Topics include: o Most common risks of alcohol misuse or abuse, transportation, and lapses in personal security. o Hazing. o Jeopardizing the property or well-being of members. o Issues from Risk Management Procedures. ï‚ ¾ Participate in New Member Experience programming. †¢ The Risk Management Chairman works in conjunction with the New Member Chairman to present new member information. The following is expected of the Risk Management Chairman. o Participate in Bid Day. (See the New

Safety Management and Audit Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Safety Management and Audit. Answer: Acceptable or tolerable level of risk It is the level of hazard, loss or injury that is tolerable by the society or policymakers based on cost-benefit analysis (Manuele, 2008). After risk elimination, control and avoidance initiatives have been put in place the residual risk is defined as acceptable or tolerable. Reasons for increasing fatality trend in the construction industry Lack of experience and competence among the workers is one of the factors that are increasing the cases of fatality. Most fatalities in the construction industry involve workers who have experience of less than one year. Besides, workers who have experience of less than three years in the Singapore construction industry have a higher risk of being involved in fatalities. Systemic lapse is the second factor that is responsible for high fatalities in construction workplaces. Evidence reveals that about 87 percent of companies fail to conduct adequate risk management. Approximately 93 percent of the fatalities involve workers who embrace unsafe behaviour due to lack of safety awareness (WSH, 2016). Measures to arrest the rising trend Lack of experience and competence among the workers Documentation of roles, responsibilities and authorities (# 4.4.1) Inexperienced workers should be made aware of their duties to improve their competence. Clear documentation of the responsibilities of the workers will prevent accidents. Improve workers competence through training (#4.4.2) Workers who have inadequate experience of working in the Singapore construction industry should be offered more training to improve their competence. Systemic lapse Safety inspection (#9.2) The plant should be inspected thoroughly to address systemic lapses. This measure can be implemented by creating a safety inspection committee that would inspect the plant regularly. Implementing procedures for hazard identification (#4.3.1) Systemic lapses can be addressed by implementing straightforward procedures for hazard identification. This approach of risk management will be helpful in preventing fatality among workers who adopt the unsafe behaviour because of lack of safety awareness. Giving employees feedback about unsafe behavior is effective (Lai et al., 2011). SMEs and SMS SMEs in Singapore compliance with safety management system Most of the SMEs fail to adhere to the WSH Act and its regulations. A study by WSH Institute comprising of 123 SME business managers found that 1 in 3 business leaders was incognizant of WSH risk (WSH Institute, 2014). Reasons for non-compliance High resource constraints Lack of information and expertise in WSH Act High financial costs (Stephen et al., 2015). Challenges to get workers to comply Management negligence Variable program to assist SMEs in their compliance with WSH Act Subsidizing WSH Act training Lack of information has been identified as a barrier to the implementation of the act. The cost of training, as well as compliance, is a fundamental barrier. Subsidised training would be provided to qualified business leaders to enhance their knowledge on WSH Act. Linking licensing system with safety management Some SMEs fail to implement safety management due to negligence. Requiring SMEs to comply with WSH Act and its regulations before applying for an operating license would prompt them to comply (Sunindijo, 2015). Performance Indicator Sequence of actions to be in place Daily safety meetings workers would be briefed about the project progress, changes in Jobsite and what kind of machinery and equipment will be used on that particular day. Safety meetings are important in reducing fatalities (Ling et al., 2008). Workers will be issued with safety gear It will be mandatory for all employees to wear safety gear while at the company to prevent unpredictable safety hazards. The introduction of reflective clothing employees, drivers and equipment operators will be required to wear protective clothing to prevent possible accidents. The introduction of adequate lighting at the facility. Placement of visible signage to warn employees of possible dangers. Introduction of regular breaks to ensure all employees take breaks to reduce the risk of accidents because of exhaustion Control procedures to inculcate safety expectations Mandatory ongoing safety training for all workers New employees will be induced to safety objectives of the company Documentation of all unforeseen hazards within the company premises Involvement of employees in ongoing hazard identification Accepting inputs from employees when developing risk management plan Process of re-conducting the risk assessment Top management will exhibit a commitment to TWSH The management will provide the required resources including training and time. Creation of a team A team comprised of persons from different departments will be formed. This team will then be integrated into the existing safety committee. The team will collect data and identify employee needs. Priorities and strategies The identified issues will be ranked according to urgency. Old age and disease will be prioritised because of their urgency. TWSH aims to manage occupational safety, occupational health and wellness (Lee Satku, 2015). Implementation of interventions The interventions that will be implemented includes flexible working hours, matching of job demands with the health condition of employees, improving ergonomics in the jobsite and promotion of discussions and collaboration in the workplace. Monitoring and reviewing The implemented strategies will be evaluated and reviewed based on the changing needs of the employees. Indicators that I will use to monitor the progress of CAPA Employee engagement in safety This indicator will help in predicting the level of uptake Near miss It will help to determine the level of effectiveness of the initiatives Participation in safety committees Workers offer their feedback and input in safety committees to improve efficiency of the initiatives Audits Helps to verify whether changes have been implemented Trend analysis Helps to verify if expected results have been achieved Bibliography Lai, D.N.C., Lu, M. Ling, F.Y.Y., 2011. A comparative study on adopting human resource practices for safety management on construction projects in the United States and Singapore. International Journal of Project Management, 29(8), pp.1018-32. Lee, C.E. Satku, K., 2015. Singapore's Health Care System: What 50 Years Have Achieved. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore: Word Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. Ling, F.Y.Y., Kiu, M. Woo, Y.C., 2008. Construction fatalities in Singapore. International Journal of Project Management , 27(7), pp.717-26. Manuele, F.A., 2008. Advanced Safety Management Focusing on Z10 and Serious Injury Prevention. John Wiley Sons. Stephen, l., Olsen, K., S, l.I. Hasle, P., 2015. Managing safety in small and medium enterprises. Safety Science, 71, pp.189-96. Sunindijo, R.Y., 2015. Improving Safety Among Small Organisations in the Construction Industry: Key Barriers and Improvement Strategies. Procedia Engineering, 125, pp.109-16. WSH Institute, 2014. Study on challenges and motivations of SME business leaders in leading workplace safety and health. [Online] Available at: https://www.mom.gov.sg/~/media/mom/documents/speeches/2015/annex%20b-factsheet%20on%20sme%20business%20leaders_050215.pdf?la=en [Accessed 21 Augustus 2017]. WSH, 2016. ADVANCING WORKPLACE SAFETY HEALTH IN SINGAPORE FOR 2018 AND BEYOND. [Online] Available at: https://www.mom.gov.sg/~/media/mom/documents/press-releases/2016/0825-annex-a-wsh-2018-plus.pdf [Accessed 21 Augustus 2017].

Rhetorical Analysis of Albert Einsteins Letter free essay sample

His tone, being a strategic method to appeal, and his recognition of all the logical approaches to prayer, being his logos appeal, go hand-in-hand. While he refrains from focusing on himself, he addresses a research scientist as more of a group rather than a specific individual. Einstein logical approaches the idea of scientist and praying: â€Å"Scientific research is based on the idea that everything that takes place is determined by laws of nature, and therefore this holds for the actions of people. After this rather cryptic answer, Einstein attempts to illuminate the best understanding by segregating the ideas of prayer, faith, and religion in a research scientist’s eyes. He does so by admitting that science does rest on faith: â€Å"However, it must be admitted that out actual knowledge of these laws is only imperfect and fragmentary, so that, actually, the belief in the existence of basic all-embracing laws in Nature also rest on a sort of faith. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis of Albert Einsteins Letter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He continues to separate these ides by qualifying to accept religion, but in a way unique to the way religion is seen by â€Å"someone more naive†: â€Å"But, on the other hand, every one who is seriously involved in the pursuit of science becomes convinced that a spirit is manifest in the laws of the Universe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  While Einstein states, â€Å"I have tried to respond to your question as simply as I could. †; his answer is rather convoluted. But with a complex question, comes a complex answer. Einstein does not dumb down his diction for this sixth grader, but more so responds intellectually because someone who finds interest in a complex question would not expect a merely simple answer. This technique Einstein used leaves the student with a comforting mood; Einstein creates a trust by seeming completely truthful in three short statements: â€Å"I have tried to respond to your question as simply as I could. Here is my answer. †, â€Å"I hope this answers your question. †, and â€Å"Best wishes. †

Permian Mass Extinction essays

Permian Mass Extinction essays A mass extinction about 250 million years ago, which destroyed almost of the species on Earth, happened very quickly and it is demonstrated in the fossil record by the collapse of one-celled organisms called protests. Something suddenly killed off more than 90 %of all species on earth, and that led to the age of the dinosaurs. Evidence indicates the massive die-off was linked with an abrupt drop in productivity, the rate at which inorganic carbon is turned into organic carbon through processes such as photosynthesis. Terrestrial faunal diversification occurred in the Permian and 90-95% of marine species became extinct. Among terrestrial fauna affected included insects, amphibians, reptiles and mammal-like reptiles. The terrestrial flora was predominately composed of gymnosperms, including conifers. Life in the sea consisted of common groups of brachiopods, bony fish, sharks and fuslinid. Corals and trilobites were also present, but were exceedingly rare. During the Permian period all the worlds land masses joined together into a single super continent named Pangaea. The collision between Laurasia and Siberia-Kazakhstania and China finalized and assembled into Pangaea by the end of Permian. This was the first time since the late Protrusion super continent of Rodina that such a landmass had formed. Pangea was shaped sort of like a giant pacman with the mouth on the east. There was a corresponding large single ocean, called Pathalassa. The body of water enclosed by the pacman mouth constituted a smaller area, the Tethys, which covered much of what is now southern and central Europe. Throughout the Permian, Europe was covered by a very salty inland sea, the Zechstein Sea, which advanced and receded at least twice. This was home to an impoverished fauna, mainly brachiopods and bivalves, which were able to cope with the hyper saline conditions. ...

How to choose between two really good job candidates

How to choose between two really good job candidates As a hiring manager, your reputation is built and bolstered by your ability to source top-tier candidates for positions across your organization. Chances are your performance goals are closely tied to how effective you are at stocking your company’s teams with the best available talent.Sometimes this is a relatively straightforward task, and the perfect candidate comes your way for an open position- all you have to do is get them interested and sell them on the notion of joining your team. Other times, the hiring process is a bit more difficult.Most seasoned hiring managers have encountered nearly every permutation of hiring challenge imaginable- one particularly anxiety-inducing one is when you have what seems to be two â€Å"perfect† candidates who are vying for the same position. Both candidates are well-qualified, have impeccable industry backgrounds and skill sets, come equipped with sterling references, and appear to be great potential fits in all key areas- and y ou’re tasked with deciding who rises from the candidate heap and earns the coveted spot.Here’s a solid method for successfully handling this situation in an effort to best meet your company’s needs.Look beyond the obviousIf you’re facing the choice of having to decide between two great candidates and they both seem equally matched in all the key metrics you typically base your hiring decisions upon, then look beyond the typical. Step back from the situation and think about whether or not a candidate made a positive impression on you in an area that you typically overlook or don’t weigh heavily. If there’s an area of strength that may help one candidate perform on the job- no matter how small- then consider taking into consideration. Traits like personality type and problem-solving style aren’t off-limits, even if they don’t fit into typical evaluation models.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});Gi ve a testWhen facing two seeming equal candidates, take a step beyond and really put them to the test. Consider giving them an additional work-related task to see who does best. Having the candidates complete a project that mirrors one of the responsibilities that they’ll encounter on the job is not uncommon, and can really help you make a tough decision a little easier.Get a second opinionJust like no person is an island, no employee is alone in a company- and neither are you. There are reasons why many interviews are conducted by multiple people and over several encounters- hiring someone new for a position in your organization is no small decision, and having multiple opinions factor into the final decision can help ensure that the best choice is made. If you haven’t already, have the candidates meet with other key decision-makers in your company and use their opinions to help you work through this difficult situation.Trust your instinctsThe truth is, there is no pe rfect candidate. Despite all the state-of-the-art analytics your company uses to gauge candidates and how well they sold themselves during the interview process, there’s just no surefire way to know for sure how well they’ll do when they’re on the job and hitting the ground running. Don’t forget this when you’re facing a difficult hiring decision, and also don’t forget to trust your well-honed instincts as an experienced hiring manager. Hiring someone new is always a leap of faith- so have a little faith in your ability to choose between two candidates wisely using your experienced eye.Don’t write one candidate off completelyNo matter how difficult it is, at some point you’re going to have to make a decision between two highly qualified candidates. Hopefully, you make the right choice. That said, choosing one candidate above another doesn’t mean it’s necessarily â€Å"goodbye forever† to the losing candidat e. A savvy hiring manager knows that it’s in their company’s long-term benefit to maintain a talent-rich pipeline. That said, do your best to keep all good candidates in your orbit- because you never know when a new position will open up and you’re back on the hunt.

Discussion Board 5-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion Board 5-1 - Essay Example Diagnosis based on a DSM conveys good deal of descriptive information concerning behavioral deficit, deviance or excesses in the person diagnosed with a given mental condition (APA, 2013). The Diagnosis and Statistical Manual (DSM) has great significance for counselors when selecting psychological assessments and tests tools. The names and description of various mental disorders as contained in the DSM enable counselors to understand particular behavioral conditions in client, which guides in selection of proper measurement tool (Cohen, Sturman & Swerdlik, 2013). This has the potential of helping counselors to understand mental conditions and design or select a proper tool. With proper understanding of particular behaviors with reference to particular mental disorders as documented in DSM, counselor are able to know the correct form of test or testing tool and measurement criteria for the identified condition. A DSM also covers biological conditions and relating the conditions to particular mental disorders. This works to enable counselors quickly understand and conduct easy isolation of causes of particular behavioral problems to ensure proper if not accurate diagnosis (Cohen, Sturman & Swerdlik, 2013). With proper isolation of the behaviors, a DSM allows counselors to think of possible tools and strategies to tackle mental cases. The DSM-IV-TR has the ability to enable counselors understand behavioral conditions that have no relationship to any mental disorder. Subsequently, the DSM-IV-TR gives counselors clue of handling conditions that have relation to mental disorders (APA, 2013). The clues provided assists in proper identification of psychological test and assessment tools and criteria to use for a related

Answer the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 10

Answer the questions - Essay Example Developed countries have adequate education levels, political and economic independence, and freedom of speech. Some of the indicators of development are health, education, leadership, and standards of living. Health is a good measure of development in any country in which the availability of quality health care for all determines whether the country is developed or not. Developed countries have good health facilities for offering health services to all its citizens. Health facilities include well-equipped hospitals, health centres, and maternity facilities for expectant mothers. In developed countries, all citizens can access high-quality health services and acquire good nutrition to live a healthy life. In underdeveloped and developing countries, citizens have a challenge in accessing quality health care and good nutrition. There is a big gap between the rich and the poor in terms of the health facilities they attend. In some cases, the poor go for the traditional medicine while the rich attend good hospitals. The health care facilities are ill-equipped health facilities especially in rural areas. Education is another indicator of development measured by the number of citizens acquiring both the basic and advanced education in a country. Equitable education for all is a measure of development while the disparity in education portrays underdevelopment. In developed countries, quality education is a key priority for the government that receives a high funding. The transition in developed countries from one level of education to the next is high in which technology plays a very important role. In both developing and underdeveloped countries, there is a big disparity in education in which children of the rich attend good schools with all the learning facilities. Children from poor families attend poorly equipped schools

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example for Free

Consumer Behaviour Essay What kind of decision process can you expect in the following cases and why ? (a) Purchase of a greeting card for a close friend. (b) Purchase of an after shave lotion/moisturizer. Ans. Before giving answer to both questions first of all we must know what product involvement and purchase involvement). because meaning of both term determine direction of decision . Purchase involvement As the level of concern for, or interest in, the purchase process triggered by the need to consider a particular purchase. Thus, purchase nvolvement is temporary state of individual or household. It influenced by loat many factors Product involvement involvement of consumer towards particular brand .In process of purchasing a greeting card for close friend involve limited decision making purchase process. Limited decision making process involve few alternative and simple decision rules and a little post purchase evalution Why- limited decision making process occurs in some emotional and situational needs. Purchasing a greeting card for friend also influenced by our emotion and ituation . Situational factor affect in this manner like for what type of occasion we are presenting greeting card to our friend. it may be occasion of birthday, achievement and some other occasion Emotion our friend ship is product of our emotional bonding with some one and emotional attachment always form limited decision making . purchasing of product you always anticipate what would be impression of my card. In limited decision making Use and post purchase of given vary less importance because product ( greeting card )would be use by some another erson who still have not form his expectation abut particular brand. b) Purchase of an after shave lotion/moisturizer- Nominal decision making Purchase shave lotion involve nominal decision making because nominal decision making referred also as a habitual decision making which occur at number of time such as purchasing of lotion also happen number of time in nominal decision process problem is recognized ,internal search provide one solution what type of LOTION you are using previously ,what is your preferred brand and evaluation occurs only when f previous LOTION brand fails to perform . Nominal decision making occur when low purchase and involvement . in case of purchasing of LOTION there is very less purchase involvement because person are more conscious about brand of LOTION. 2. How would knowledge of perception learning help you in designing your marketing program for the following products and services? Justify your answer with reasons. a. Disposable Diapers Designing market programme for Disposable diapers we need to develop and evaluate for Ps of marketing to position product in mind of

Robert Wrights Article the Evolution Of Despair :: essays research papers fc

Robert Wright's Article "The Evolution of Despair" Robert Wright is the science writer for Time Magazine. Because he writes for this popular magazine, he enjoys the attention of many readers who look to him to provide them with the latest news from the scientific community. After reading The Evolution of Despair, an article written by Wright, I came under the impression that he is both reporter and commentator, but not explicitly so. Wright utilizes a variety of rhetorical tools to establish trust and confidence in his readers, thereupon interjecting his own opinions without arousing suspicion. The article's first paragraph is a perfect example of how a writer can establish intimacy with his reader. The following example demonstrates Wright's use of first person and emotional appeal: "Whether burdened by an overwhelming flurry of daily commitments or stifled by a sense of social isolation; whether mired for hours in a sense of life's pointlessness or beset for days by unresolved anxiety; whether deprived by long workweeks from quality time with offspring or drowning in quantity time with them – whatever the source of stress, we at times get the feeling that modern life isn't what we were designed for" (1). Everyone, at some point, has experienced the feelings that Wright describes. And with the pronoun ‘we' Wright tells his readers, ‘Yes, I have been through the same things.' This sort of statement is like a token of good will. The readers feel that Wright understands their plight and thus are more likely to listen to what he has to say. With this trust established, Wright moves on to the task of building confidence in his readers. He lives up to his title of science writer by providing various statistics ("As of 1993, 37% of Americans felt they could trust most people, down from 58% in 1960" (4).) and reporting the findings of numerous professors and scientists ("The anthropo-logist Phillip Walker has studied the bones of more than 5,000 children from hundreds of preindustrial cultures, dating back to 4,000 B.C." (2).). This serves a three-fold purpose: 1) to give credibility to the article, 2) to provide subject matter on which Wright can comment, and 3) to indirectly establish the moral character of Wright. On this last point, explicit endorsement of Wright by these respected authorities is absent and unnecessary. The mere appearance of support from these sources is sufficient enough to suggest the validity of his views. Wright's persuasive approach is a method that an aspiring orator might adopt. Instead of the written word, this article might be presented orally. It is no difficult task to imagine Wright standing before a podium, addressing a

Professional Roles and Values Essay

A. Promoting Interdisciplinary Care When nurses promote collaborative interdisciplinary care, they are ensuring the availability and accessibility of quality health care (ANA, 2010). As the nursing supervisor in this clinical setting, I would hold a staff meeting with the family nurse practitioner (FNP), nurse, licensed vocational nurse (LVN), nutritionist, and social worker. I would ask them to speak about their areas of expertise and explain how their knowledge will enhance this clinical team. The nutritionist’s expertise in diet, the social worker’s fluency in Spanish, the LVN’s training in education, and the nurse’s specialization in community health are all attributes that will promote the delivery of quality patient care. In this meeting, I give examples of how the specialized training and resources of these individuals will improve patient care and ease the workload of other staff members. I foster an open discussion and encourage thoughts, feelings, and questions. I also state that i f someone has a question or concern that they do not wish to discuss in front of everyone, they can speak to me in private. B. Delegation and Teamwork As the nurse supervisor, I would use a coaching approach to speak to Ms. W. Coaching provides a safe environment for trying different approaches to new or challenging situations (Robinson-Walker, Detmer, and Schultz, 2011). I would request to have lunch with Ms. W and at this lunch, I begin by praising her work and emphasizing her importance to this clinic. In a light-hearted and non-confrontational way, I say, â€Å"I know how hard you have been working with Ms. R and you must be so frustrated!† I encourage a response by asking, â€Å"Why do you think she is being non-compliant?† I listen to her responses without interrupting and work into the conversation these questions: â€Å"Do you think it’s possible she does not understand English? What do you think about having the social worker speak to her?† The LVN’s expertise in community health and her available resources would also be mentioned. I emphasize that delegating to members of the team will b e in the  best interest of the patient, as well as free up some of Ms. R’s valuable time. B1. Responsibility The Nursing Code of Ethics Provision 2 states that the nurse’s primary commitment is to the patient and it further implies that nurses should actively promote collaborative multi-disciplinary planning (American Nurses Association, 2012). If Ms. W does not have time to follow through with community services that could benefit Ms. R, then Ms. W has a responsibility to refer Ms. R to people who have the knowledge, resources, and time to help her. In addition to the Nursing Code of Ethics, the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) states that one of the standards related to the RN scope of practice is that nurses evaluate the patient’s response to nursing care. They do this by evaluating: the patient’s response to interventions, the need for alternative interventions, the need to consult with other team members, and the need to revise the plan of care (NCSBN, 2012). When Ms. W saw that the patient was not compliant, she should have reevaluated her plan of care. Ms. W can delegate to the LVN, who is experienced in prenatal education, and would be able to explain the importance of finishing antibiotic therapy or performing tests that are essential for a healthy pregnancy. If Ms. W is too busy to educate, then she is responsible for finding someone who can. B2. Recommended Resource A resource that would benefit Ms. W in learning more about delegating is the continuing education course given by the ANA, â€Å"Developing Delegation Skills.† This course covers delegation and the associated concepts of accountability, responsibility, and authority (Weydt, 2010). It discusses using nursing judgment and interpersonal relationships during the delegation process and at the courses end, the author speaks about how to develop delegation skills. Learning to properly delegate ultimately improves the quality of patient care. B3. Delegation Opportunities The nurse in this scenario has 4 colleagues in the clinic that she can delegate to: the LVN, nurse, nutritionist, and social worker. Ms. R had recurrent urinary tract infections; the nutritionist can review her food and fluid intake and the LVN can teach prenatal care based on the nutritionist’s evaluation and recommendations. The nurse in the clinic can explore community resources that may be available to assist Ms. R. The social worker, however, is the most important person in these collaborations because it is probable that Ms. R does not understand English and needs an interpreter. The social worker is fluent in Spanish and her presence will not only raise the comfort level of Ms. W, but will assure that she is receiving the required information that is pertinent to her pregnancy. References American Nurses Association. (2012). Code of Ethics for Nursing with Interpretive Statements. Nursing World. Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/codeofethics National Council of State Boards of Nursing. (2012). NCSBN Model Rules. Retrieved from http://www.ncsbn.org/12_model_rules_090512.pdf Weydt, A. (2010). Developing Delegation Skills. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 15(2). Retrieved from www.nursingworld.org/mainmenucategories/anamarketplace/anaperiodicals/ojin/tableofcontents/vol152010/no2may2010/delegation-skills

Psychosis Portrayed in the Media

Impact of Media’s Portrayal of Psychotic Illness on Viewers Introduction Psychotic disorders are the more serious form of mental illness, particularly schizophrenia. Many multidimensional factors have contributed to the social stigma of psychotic mental illness, deeming it a social problem. According to Landsberg and Rock (2010), stigma and discrimination impacts policy and program response to the issue, causing limitations on our financing. As a result, there is a deficiency of resources provided by macro and micro level systems for individuals battling with the illness despite a recent shift in society’s perception. Programs such as National Alliance for the Mentally Ill and the Recovery Movement have been trying to increase public understanding of the illness, advocate for government resources, and emphasize supportive networks such as family, friends, and mental health providers (Hertz, 2010). Unfortunately, the complexity of this illness and lack of thorough understanding continues to reinforce and sustain the stigma. Additionally, individuals discharged into the community from institutions have not been well supported by micro-level services. As a result, many commit crimes and end up in jail. Landsberg and Rock (2010) found that many seriously mentally ill patients are in nursing homes, homeless shelters, and jails because of unmet needs. Community mental health centers have more patients than staff can handle (Hertz, 2010). In spite of various attempts, the mental health system is comprised of programs that â€Å"don’t work†, leaving many seriously ill individuals without proper care (Landsberg and Rock, 2010, pg. 258). These wide ranges of factors contribute to viewing serious mental illness as a social problem that is stigmatized as well. In terms of social stigma, there are several misconceptions. Hertz (2010) found that the public misperceives people with psychotic illness as homicidal. The truth of research indicates that these individuals are more frequently victims of crime perpetrated by others, or, tragically, by their own hands (Hertz, 2010). Unfortunately, the daunting ways in which symptoms may manifest prevent people from establishing any positive associations with such illness. The media portrays psychotic disorders through different perspectives, ultimately sending mixed messages to audiences about the nature and prospects of the illness. Landsberg and Rock (2010) stated that movies often picture the mentally ill as violent, negatively affecting our society’s willingness to enact needed changes and fund programs. The movies A Beautiful Mind, K-PAX, and The Soloist each portray a character living with a psychotic disorder, particularly Schizophrenia, who also demonstrates strength and resilience in their struggles. The intent of this paper is to discuss characteristics of psychotic illness, critically analyze these movies and their message to audiences, and assess accuracy within their portrayals. Brief History of Mental Illness as a Social Problem There are conflicting ideologies in terms of how to approach serious mental illness in the United States. While some adopt a â€Å"survival of the fittest† perspective and believe affected individuals shouldn’t receive assistance, others act as committed advocates for programs to service them. When looking at the recent history of mental health, several attempts at revolutionizing systems were made, and always seem to only partially work. As a result, more systems that partially work were created. The 1950’s through the 1970’s emphasized inpatient hospitalization for psychotic patients without much chance for their self-determination and self-empowerment. Solutions were very problem-focused, and patients received their treatment of insulin shock therapy. Socially, there seemed to be more emphasis on regarding anyone with a psychotic illness as â€Å"crazy†, and therefore someone to stay away from. The deinstitutionalization movement in the 1970’s and the creation of managed care was an attempt to steer away from â€Å"putting people away†. As a result, many hospitals were shut down. The problem with this system was the lack of funds allocated towards community-based services. Now that the patient’s length of stay at hospitals significantly decreased, patients have been discharged into the streets, and left to their own devices. While many have been receiving adequate services, many are not receiving proper care and result in committing crimes, engaging in other illegal activity, becoming homeless, or just functioning on a very low level. Hertz (2010) stated that the waiting lists for residual programs for the chronically mentally ill are months, if not years long. This implies the staggering amount of people not receiving proper aftercare. A true solution is yet to be discovered. Background on Psychotic Disorders with an Emphasis on Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is currently affecting nearly 2. 5 million people living in the United States, and 29 million people worldwide (Hertz, 2010). The typical beginning of this illness is during adolescence or early adulthood. Hertz (2010) reported that the onset can be gradual, starting with odd beliefs and mannerisms, while other onsets are acute with a sudden psychotic break. These research findings imply the complexity in how symptoms manifest, and pose a challenge for practitioners to pinpoint and potentially diagnosis. There exists a social misconception regarding psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptoms may appear in disorders other than Schizophrenia, and the presence of psychotic symptoms doesn’t necessarily indicate diagnosis of Schizophrenia. Hertz (2010) stated that withdrawal from reality marks psychosis, containing two major symptoms: delusions and hallucinations. Schizophrenia is particularly characterized as a thought disorder which builds on these symptoms to include impaired cognitive functioning such as â€Å"loose associations of ideas/thoughts and disturbance of affect† (Hertz, 2010, p. 285). There are several types of schizophrenia, and is defined by positive and negative symptoms which indicate the existence or deficiency of functioning. Hepworth, Rooney, and Larsen (2010) found that positive symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and catatonic behavior. According to Hepworth, Rooney, and Larsen (2010), negative symptoms include flattened affect, restricted speech, and limited initiation of goal-directed behavior. The causes of psychotic disorders are ultimately unknown, and many different theories emphasize different contributing factors. According to Hertz (2010), genetics, heredity, and neuro chemistry determine varying degrees of predisposition to developing psychosis. This research finding implies that environmental and social stressors play a role as well. A Beautiful Mind John Nash is the main character in A Beautiful Mind who is predominantly battling with the paranoid subtype of schizophrenia. The movie follows the life of mathematician John Nash who is responsible for creating several ingenious theories such as game theory still used in economics today. He attended Ivy League Princeton University in the 1940’s after which he became a calculus professor at MIT five years later. Falling in love with one of his students, Mr. John Nash started a family and continued working on theories and concepts as a product of his mastermind. Gradually throughout the course of Mr. Nash’s academic and intellectual achievements, the movie directed attention to the display and effect of his psychotic illness. Several aspects of Mr. Nash’s psychotic symptoms were portrayed through different characters and plot points. His college roommate Charles, Charles’s niece Marcee, and Department of Defense agent William Parcher were three characters that were eventually revealed as part of his visual and auditory hallucinations. Agent Parcher also marked Mr. Nash’s delusional thinking when he invited him to crack a special code of their enemy at the Pentagon. Throughout the movie, viewers periodically see Mr. Nash involved with Parcher in various assignments that appeared prestigious and extremely intellectual. In the beginning of the movie, Charles’s character was designed for audiences to believe he was real, given the strong and realistic friendship that transpired between him and Mr. Nash. However, as the years went by and Marcee stayed the same age, Mr. Nash realized she was a figment of his imagination. Mr. Nash’s delusions have put his family in danger on numerous occasions. He nearly allowed his son to drown while bathing him, and accidentally knocked his wife Alicia over when agent Parcher told him to kill her. After Alicia had enough of his behavior, she called the psychiatric hospital where he was admitted to receive insulin shock therapy, a common treatment for psychosis in the 1950’s. After agreeing to take anti-psychotic medications, Mr. Nash was released from the hospital. Unfortunately, he ended up stockpiling the medication without aking them, resulting in relapse of his psychotic symptoms. Lesser and Pope (2010) stated that psychotropic medications are effective in ceasing or reducing psychotic symptoms but often have unpleasant side effects. Mr. Nash’s detrimental side effects included reduction in intellectual abilities, and impairments to his relationship with his wife. Ultimately, Mr. Nash has learned to manage his symptoms and live with his illn ess. The message this movie hopefully sends out to viewers is that serious mental illness can affect bright and well educated people, and that recovery is possible. Moreover, the movie encourages viewers to realize that even individuals with serious mental illness can excel in certain areas of life, if not reaching levels of genius. While the media, as previously stated, typically portrays individuals with mental illness as violent antagonists, Mr. Nash is portrayed as a protagonist despite his mild violence during psychotic episodes. Viewers likely feel compassion for him and want to see him win his battles. The movie accurately portrayed environmental stressors that may cause unpredictable emotional breakdowns. Mr. Nash’s character was portrayed as getting frustrated and angry when he thought he couldn’t fulfill the duties agent Parcher has assigned him. He was worried that the Russians are after him, and felt pressure to crack the code that never existed. Moreover, when he was admitted to the hospital, he perceived doctors to be Russian spies, a reasonable portrayal of paranoid schizophrenia. Luckily, Mr. Nash trained himself to transcend his symptoms by acknowledging, followed by ignoring, their existence. While it has been stated that the real John Nash only experienced auditory hallucinations, A Beautiful Mind seemed to incorporate visual hallucinations for entertainment purposes, inaccurately portraying and exaggerating Mr. Nash’s illness. However, accuracy was shown through the many psychotic breakdowns Mr. Nash experienced, demonstrating emotional and physical breakdowns. Although he put his wife and child in danger on numerous occasions, Alicia served as his main support system. Hertz (2010) stated that supportive networks are a critical variable in determining the quality of life of people with Schizophrenia. In fact, it is arguable that in this movie, Mr. Nash demonstrated more resilience and strength than is realistically common in the United States for people with psychotic illness. Not everyone has access to the kind of support he did given his prestigious status as a mathematician. Additionally, he had the support of his loving wife who never abandoned him and seemed to be the main source of his resilience. K-PAX Prot is the main character in K-PAX who demonstrates delusional thinking as part of his psychosis. As previously discussed, he didn’t necessarily have Schizophrenia. Prot was admitted to the hospital after claiming to be an alien from a planet called K-PAX. As psychiatrist Mark Powell begins to treat Prot, he learns of his excelling intellect in the subject of astronomy. Stunned by this wisdom, Mark introduced Prot to some astro-physicists who were puzzled by his recollection of traveling from a different planet by a means of light travel. Prot and Mike’s relationship grew stronger with each treatment session, and Prot revealed his knowledge of life on planet K-PAX. Prot also had a positive influence on other patients in the hospital who believed he was from a different planet. Prot began to display erratic emotional breakdowns that were indicative of his psychosis. He had an episode during some of his sessions with Mark, as well as in front of Mike’s family when he was invited over for dinner. Prot began to repeatedly mention that he is going back to planet K-PAX on July 27th. Mark started to make connections between what triggers lead to Prot’s hysteria. Additionally, he used regressive hypnosis to discover the significance of the date July 27th, suspecting he suffered from significant loss. He learned that Prot has attempted suicide after his family was killed on July 27th. When that date finally came, Prot was found catatonic, and the ending of the movie was open to interpretation. This movie sends several messages to viewers. One of them includes the strong impact trauma may have on individuals. Prot attempted suicide without success after his family was killed, marking the onset of his delusions. Hertz (2010) found that suicide attempts are a common and often overlooked occurrence within psychotic symptoms, and often occur during the first psychotic episode when the individual feels bewildered and out of control. His feelings of bewilderment were likely caused by seeing his family get killed, a realistic reaction to such a tragic occurrence. K-PAX hopefully teaches audiences to realize that many of the severely mentally ill individuals could have experienced significant loss in their lives that was out of their control, leading to their illness. There was nothing substantial provided in the beginning of the movie which aroused sympathy for Prot’s character. It is arguable that audiences could have perceived all his discussions about travelling from another planet as him â€Å"joking† around with authorities. He wore black sunglasses, and seriously spoke about life on another planet. However, as the movie showed several emotional breakdowns, it was evident that he has experienced significant psychological trauma of loss. Hertz (2010) stated that psychotic symptoms are often triggered by a significant loss, and environmental stressors can trigger neuro chemical events in the brain. The movie accurately portrayed the concept of surrounding triggers. For instance, Prot was reminded of the tragedy when the sprinklers came on at Mike’s house, causing flashbacks of his trauma. Assessing accuracy of his intense reaction is difficult, for, each individual reacts to triggers to varying degrees. His particular reaction involved crying and an appearance of deep sadness. The Soloist Nathaniel Ayres is the main character in The Soloist who is portrayed to struggle with Paranoid Schizophrenia as his psychotic disorder. The movie follows the life of Anthony Ayres, a man who became homeless as a result of his illness. Journalist Steve Lopez was desperately seeking material for a story to meet a deadline. One day he heard someone playing the cello so beautifully that he felt compelled to follow the music. As a result, he met a homeless man named Nathaniel who claimed to have attended Julliard for his musical talents. Steve tested his word by calling the school, only to find out that Nathaniel has indeed attended Julliard, but has dropped out after his second year. Steve ended up writing his story on Nathaniel. As their friendship progressed, Steve became more interested in Nathaniel’s safety, and wanted him to receive treatment. Flashbacks to the onset of Nathaniel’s Schizophrenia were portrayed to answer Steve’s questions as to why he is no longer in Julliard and living in a shelter. In response to the published story, readers responded with sympathy, and one woman even sent Nathaniel a Cello. Eventually, Steve convinced Nathaniel to perform in front of an audience which triggered his auditory hallucinations. The end of the movie displayed Nathaniel continuing to struggle with his illness, but no longer living in a shelter, marking progress. His friendship with Steve and his music seem to help manage his symptoms, according to psychiatrists Steve has consulted with. In addition to serious mental illness, The Soloist portrays another social problem that is stigmatized: homelessness. Hertz (2010) estimated that 60% of people with schizophrenia live in poverty, and 1 in 20 ends up homeless. The movie portrays Nathaniel as someone who has been exposed to treatments such as medications and shock therapy, and doesn’t want anything to do with them. It seemed as though he felt he belonged in a shelter as opposed to an apartment where his symptoms emerge. The message of this film is for audiences to realize that homeless people aren’t necessarily â€Å"lazy†, or â€Å"can’t get a job†. Conversely, they may have suffered from symptoms which inevitably led to that lifestyle. Through flashbacks, Nathaniel was portrayed as a productive and gifted member of society who attended a prestigious musical institution, and tried to start his young adult life living in an apartment. Unfortunately, he was overpowered by his auditory hallucinations, making him paranoid and scared. Hopefully audiences will reorient their mentality and not disregard homeless individuals as those that haven’t worked hard enough to attain a job and a place to live. Some of them have truly been overpowered by persistent mental illness. In terms of accuracy, The Soloist fairly portrayed the possible impact of stressors in the environment that trigger psychotic episodes. For Nathaniel, the pressure of performing well in front of an audience triggered â€Å"voices† which led him to run away. Additionally, unless an individual is medicated, it is rare for psychotic symptoms to not emerge. In the movie, Nathaniel was not receiving treatment at the time he became friends with Steve, and it was shown through his inability to have coherent conversations with him. Furthermore, he was unable to hold on to an apartment, and even felt comforted by the city street noises. His physical appearance was also unkempt and very colorful, reasonably displaying what someone with this disorder could potentially look like. Comparisons and Contrasts between Films There are several similarities and differences in the way media portrayed these characters suffering from serious mental illness. While the etiology, symptoms, and course of their disorders slightly differed, they all share a strong support system which provided them self-determination and potential for growth, similar to the goals of the Recovery Movement. Hertz (2010) stated that the presence of someone who believes in their recovery increase recovery rates. Mr. John Nash had the privilege of a supportive wife. Realistically, it may be an exception that an affected individual is a coveted professor with a family by his side assisting his struggles. Prot developed a relationship with his Psychiatrist. It is rare, if not unethical, for a patient’s psychiatrist to invite them into their home and introduce them to family members. More importantly, it seems rare for a psychiatrist to invest so much emotional effort into one particular case, especially one that is middle aged and has been in the practice for so long. Nathaniel formed a strong friendship with journalist Steve Lopez. Most severely mentally ill homeless individuals are not â€Å"discovered† by someone who decides to believe in them; most, as previously discussed, are underserved and not receiving proper treatment and care. While the storylines were touching and enlightening, they are very rare. These situations seem to be an exception rather than the rule, making the character portrayals inaccurate in terms of exaggerating the levels of support. Another important similarity accurately portraying psychotic disorders is the fact that there is no known cure. None of the characters were â€Å"cured† by the end of the movie, but rather found their own ways of coping with symptoms. The ultimate message was moderately accurate when showing psychotic mental illness; every single case should be viewed individually despite the one set of guidelines for diagnosis provided in the DSM-IV. Research has been clear about one thing: psychotic disorders remain etiologically perplexing and challenging to treat (Hertz, 2010). As a result, it is fairly easy for media to â€Å"play around† with psychotic illness through characters, since there is ultimately no absolute truth to reference, and thereby deem â€Å"inaccurate†. Since symptoms are a product of the person’s psyche, there seem to be no limits as to how creative psychotic symptoms and reactions may become. Interestingly, all three characters in the films are men. Research found that more men than women are given the diagnosis of a psychotic disorder (Hertz, 2010). Also, each movie emphasizes a different aspect of psychotic illness. A Beautiful Mind focuses on illness affecting a genius mind; K-PAX signifies the impact of a traumatic loss, and The Soloist show how symptoms can lead to homelessness. Conclusion According to Lesser and Pope (2010), psychiatry critic Thomas Szasz believed that the diagnosis of psychiatric illnesses was socially constructed, vary culture to culture, and is society’s way of labeling individuals when their behavior breaks social rules. Nonetheless, the use of the DSM system prevails in the United States, and many individuals â€Å"labeled† under its guidelines are in need of services, reinforcing mental illness as a social problem. The deinstitutionalization movement in the 1970’s as an attempt to serve the severely mentally ill has created a new array of social problems given the lack of funding anticipated for these goals. Hertz (2010) presented that the sickest people in our society are â€Å"lost in the cracks† as they are discharged from institutions to poor and inadequate aftercare. The media provides several portrayals of serious mental illness. The three movies chosen for discussion (A Beautiful Mind, K-PAX, and The Soloist) ultimately portray the strength and resilience possible even for the most seriously mentally ill individuals, when provided with emotional and social resources. Implicitly, hope is not lost, and Hertz (2010) proposed a solution to make a shift in our priorities: making a commitment to even the most disturbed members of our society. As demonstrated in the three films, two of which were based on real life people and events, individuals with even the most serious of mental illness can show strength and resilience. References Berzoff, J. , Melano Flanagan, L. , & Hertz, P. (2008). Chapter 13: The psychoses, with a special emphasis on schizophrenia (pp. 281-310). Inside out and outside in: Psychodynamic clinical theory and psychopathology in contemporary multicultural contexts (2nd ed. ). New York: Jason Aronson. Hepworth, D. , Rooney, R. & Larsen, J. 2010). Chapter 9: Assessment: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, and Environmental Factors. (pp. 199-226). Direct social work practice: Theory and skills (8th ed. ). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole. Landsberg, G. , & Rock, M. (2010). Chapter 9: Mental Health. Social policy and social work: The context of social work practice. New York, NY: Pearson. Lesser, J. G. , & Pope, D. S. (2010). Chapter 17: Chronic illness and disability. (pp. 437-464). Human Behavior in the Social En vironment: Theory and Practice. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

William Henry Harrison essays

William Henry Harrison essays Born to Irish immigrants on March 15, 1767, Andrew Jackson was to become the first "rags to riches" President the country had ever seen. He grew up in South Carolina and fought in the Revolutionary War at only thirteen. His entire immediate family, parents and siblings, died as a cause of the war, whether it was being killed in battle or death from disease. He went on to serve two terms as the seventh President of the U.S., leaving behind a legacy of administrative policy and even his own democratic philosophy. The Second Bank of the United States was founded in Philadelphia in 1816. It was mainly a Republican project and a response to the expiration of the First U.S. Bank's charter. It was created as a safe place for federal funds, and because state banks were seen as insufficient for handling financial needs. Currency differed by state, counterfeit money was everywhere, and state banks often issued notes without any gold or silver, the only trusted currency, to back them up. The bank was not met everywhere on friendly terms. Maryland, in an effort to destroy the Baltimore branch, passed laws to heavily tax it, but the Supreme Court removed those laws, strengthening the central federal power. The Second Bank's charter expired during Jackson's administration in 1836. Most people were distrustful of the bank, as it had enormous power to ruin state banks and was basically unresponsive to the people's needs. It had powerful political influence also, and was completely controlled by one man, the President Nicholas Biddle. The rechartering was scheduled by the bank-influenced Congress to coincide with the 1832 Presidential campaign and election, in which Jackson would be running for a second term. The purpose was to gather up public pressure to have him pass the charter in order to gain reelection. However, Jackson was a bit more principled than that, and vetoed the bill. Congress was unable to override his veto. ...

More Answers to Questions About Apostrophes

More Answers to Questions About Apostrophes More Answers to Questions About Apostrophes More Answers to Questions About Apostrophes By Mark Nichol 1. In a reference to the amount of medication provided to an outpatient, I read â€Å"three days’ supply for acute or chronic noncancer pain; seven days for cancer pain or palliative care.† Should days be singular in this expression, or plural? I can’t decide whether it applies to three individual days, one at a time, or a single amount dispensed for three days. And in the second phrase, supply is implied after â€Å"seven days.† Should days after seven also have an apostrophe? â€Å"Three days’ supply† is equivalent to â€Å"a supply for three days,† and the supply essentially â€Å"belongs† to the unit of time, not to the segments of time that constitute that unit, so the construction should be in plural-possessive form, as shown. Also, yes, â€Å"seven days† is an elided form of â€Å"seven days’ supply, with the repetition of supply implied, but the apostrophe should not also be omitted. However, the elided form â€Å"seven days’† is still awkward, and I recommend using the full phrase: â€Å"seven days’ supply.† I also advise replacing the semicolon with a comma and or. 2. Are the apostrophes in this sentence correct?: â€Å"The US Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor Statistics’s 2006 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses revealed that nearly 15 percent of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses happened in the retail trade sector.† Yes, they’re correct, but the use of two consecutive apostrophized proper names followed by the title of a survey is cumbersome. I recommend relaxing the sentence somewhat to â€Å"The US Department of Labor’s 2006 Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses, conducted by the department’s Bureau of Labor Statistics, revealed that nearly 15 percent of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses happened in the retail trade sector.† There are still two apostrophes, but at a distance from each other, and one of the proper names is also removed from the long train of capitalized words, and the awkward form Statistics’s is avoided. 3. Please settle a disagreement. A friend told me that adding an apostrophe and an s to Joe and Jane in the following sentence is wrong, but I think it’s correct: â€Å"Many celebrities, instead of marrying other famous people, choose to settle down with average Joe’s and Jane’s.† With rare exceptions (such as in the saying â€Å"Mind your p’s and q’s†), an apostrophe should not be employed when creating a plural form, and pluralizing a proper noun is not one of those cases. Simply add an s to each name: â€Å"Many celebrities, instead of marrying other famous people, choose to settle down with average Joes and Janes.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Farther vs. FurtherCapitalization Rules for Names of Historical Periods and MovementsApostrophe with Plural Possessive Nouns

Hunting Trip Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hunting Trip - Essay Example According to the study unlike him, Kelvin had no reservations about exciting the bear, before he could tell him to calm down so as not to draw the animal’s attention, he was bounding past him into the forest and the bear could not have been more exited as it burst through the undergrowth looking way bigger and meaner than it had when it was half hidden. "I followed Kelvin, who was by now running at full tilt and screaming his head off, I had heard that the best way to survive an animal attack was to have friend who wasn’t as fast as you were. If that was true, Kelvin had nothing to fear since I was naturally slower than him, I could hear the bear grunting a several feet behind me but I could have sworn it was inches. I slipped and fell and for a fraction of the scariest second of my life, I was sure the bear would catch up and rip me into shreds; however I sprang up almost as fast as I had fallen and kept running. Spurred by fear, I accelerated and the race was on, for the bear it was about lunch but for us it was our lives we were running for, at that moment I was so scared that I was sweating through every pore on my skin and something in my mind was telling me this was the end. Nevertheless, I felt (or thought I felt) adrenaline coursing through my veins and I run harder than ever before. I kept running into low hanging branches that my friend had brushed aside in his haste and some of them smacked me right in the face as they swung back after he had pushed them away. I was however too scared to feel the pain, many tore into my face living deep scratches which I only noticed much later. This was not how I had planned my day; I had been persuaded by my friends, Kelvin and Fred to join them in a hunting â€Å"expedition† they made it sound like we would be reliving Mungo Park’s exploration into Africa although I knew at best we would scare a few rabbits. Still, against my better judgment I acquiesced and we agreed to meet at Kelvin' s place on Saturday at 7 Am. I borrowed an on old hunting rifle which my dad swore could take out an elephant from 200 yards, from experience, it was unstable and the scope was faulty such that the easiest way to guarantee you do not shoot something would be to aim at it. When I got to the rendezvous, I found Kelvin, Fred and another guy called Alex who was introduced to me as Fred’s cousin, we set off for the reservation with high hopes of bagging a few rabbits by lunch time. Two hours later, the only significant thing that had happened was that all or phones lost their signals and we had to navigate using Kelvins rusty compass."  

5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

5 - Assignment Example There was no element of destiny in this whole gamut of things, as this was simply a planned invasion. The invasion and intervention of US repeated in about â€Å"26 states with approximately 6.6 million deaths since then† (Sullivan, 8). The nations which fell victims to American invasions include â€Å"Guatemala, Iran, Cuba, Lebanon, Laos, South Vietnam, Cambodia, Chile, Libya, Somalia† and many more. Such an enormous destructive power can never be simply justified using the excuse of destiny. The next major war fought by US after Spanish-American war was the Second World War in which the world saw the cruelest weapon in human history, being used- the atom bomb. US masterminded and commanded the bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima, a killing spree in which millions died. In Vietnam war, even the majority of people at home hated American government for using chemical weapons and sacrificing many an American youths’ lives on the alter of the war (Sullivan, 75). When 9/11 happened, it was the culmination of a process that started almost half a century back, when to defeat Soviet Union and to diminish its powers, America had promoted Islamic fundamentalists including Osama Bin Laden (Sullivan, 155). Afghan war was only a preamble after which America invaded Iraq as well (Sullivan, 155, 41, 148). The WMDs that America searched for in Iraq were never to be found. America being the largest manufacturer of modern weaponry in the world, all these violent interventions that US made in the world as a nation, was in tune with its mercantile interests and policies. This is the hidden agenda even behind the so-called ‘war on terrorism’ that is being fought even

Science and Technology Education for young child Assignment

Science and Technology Education for young child - Assignment Example From a constructivism point of view, it has been discussed that humans acquire understanding through collaborations not just in ideas but also with experiences. This view point is combined with Bloom’s taxonomy of learning which was published during the 1950s which was way outdated compared to technology that is being used in lately in academes. This theory is composed of three domains; 1) cognitive or knowledge, 2) affective or attitude, and 3) psychomotor or skills (Anderson, et al, 2011). This type of teaching has 3 major objectives. The first of which is increasing the involvement of students. Multiple ways of knowing constitute the 2nd major objective while the 3rd aim of inquiry-based teaching is sequential phase of cognition. The inquiry-based teaching is actually a form of inviting students to an active way of learning instead of just being pacified with information (Franklin). Science and technology is not an easy subject to explain in early childhood education. Teachers should be able to get the grasp first of what is need to be taught before actually structuring it to the most basic as it can get for these children to understand. The educators would be faced in a challenge in explaining a sometimes complex subject to children who have so many questions based on what have been observed or explained at their own households. Letting a child to experiment and explore things would be a better way of teaching children of this age bracket the concepts without them having doubts on the educator’s credibility. This is done by observing. As it has been prior known that children tends more to believe what have been seen, if a certain thing or scientific event has been observed by the child, it would be more believable onto them what is being explained by teachers. Though questions may still arise, there is a visible proof that the children can see and get the grasp of the concept which is being taught (Harland & Rivkin, 2004). The

Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Essay Example for Free

Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Essay When a polyatomic ligand with multiple lone pairs of electrons available for bonding to a central metal ion forms a complex with a metal ion, a process known as chelation takes place. Metal ion impurities can be found by using disodium salt of EDTA to determine the concentration of M2+ by complexometric or chelometric titration. Erichrome Black T makes it easy to see when the EDTA has completely chelated the metal impurities. When the metal cation is still present in the water, the solution will be a complex with a pink tint. Once enough EDTA has been added to the M2+ solution the metal ions complex to the EDTA leaving the indicator solvated causing a color change from pink to blue. Once the color has changed to blue, the titration has reached an end point and the M2+ metal ion impurities in hard water can be calculated. Procedure: Prepare 500 mL of 0.004 M disodium EDTA solution by dissolving 0.7-0.8g of Na2EDTA in 500 mL deionized water. Standardize the solution by using a 10 mL transfer pipet to add 10 mL of standardized calcium ion stock solution to a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask and mixing it with 30 mL of deionized water. Add 3 mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH 10) to ensure that the calcium ions remain in the solution for accurate results. Add four drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator solution so that a color change can be visible during titration. Once the solution is prepared, titrate it with the disodium EDTA solution. Add the solution quickly at first and once the color changes from pink to violet slow down the titration until the color changes from violet to blue. Then record the results. Part 2 Unknown After receiving an unknown prepared water sample record the unknown in your lab notebook (unknown #76). After the unknown has been recorded, transfer 25 mL of the sample into a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask with 20 mL of DI water. As in part one, add 3 mL of ammonia/ammonium chloride buffer (pH10) to the solution along with four drops of Erichrome Black T indicator. Once the solution has been made, titrate the solution with the standardized disodium EDTA solution and calculate the hardness of the prepared water sample from the titration. Compare the results to the expected range for municipal water hardness on your city’s water quality lab website. Data: | Test 1: Standardization of EDTA Mass of CaCO3: 0.01 g Moles of CaCO3: 9.910^-5 Molarity of the 250 mL standard Ca2+: 3.9610^-4 M Column1| Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| Volume of Ca2 Titrated (mL)| 10| 10| 10| Moles Ca2+ Titrated | 9.910^-5| 9.910^-5| 9.910^-5| Moles EDTA| 9.910^-5| 9.910^-5| 9.910^-5| Initial Buret reading (mL)| 1| 1| 1| Final buret reading (mL)| 26.3| 26.5| 27| Volume of EDTA (mL)| 25.3| 25.5| 26| Molarity of EDTA (M)| 0.0039| 0.0039| 0.0038| Average Molarity of EDTA| | 0.0039 M| | Test 2: Unknown Determination Sample #76 Column1| Trial 1| Trial 2| Trial 3| Volume of Water Sample Used (mL)| 25| 25| 25| Initial buret reading (mL)| 1| 1| 1| Final buret reading (mL)| 14.8| 15| 14.9| Volume of EDTA used (mL)| 13.8| 14| 13.9| Moles EDTA| 5.3810^-5| 5.4610^-5| 5.4210^-5| Moles Ca2+ in sample| 5.3810^-5| 5.3810^-5| 5.3810^-5| Moles Ca2+ per liter| 5.3810^-4| 5.3810^-4| 5.3810^-4| Grams CaCO3 per liter| 0.054| 0.055| 0.055| Water hardness| 29.73| 30.61| 30.17| Average water hardness (ppm CaCO3)| | 30.17| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Calculations: Test 1: Calculate Mass of CaCO3 used in the reaction: 10 mL Ca2x 1L/1000mLx 1g/1L= 0.01 g CaCO3 Calculate Moles of CaCO3 0.01 g CaCO3x 1mole CaCO3/100.1 g CaCO3= 9.910^-5 moles CaCO3 Molarity of 250 mL of standard Ca2+ solution 9.910^-5 moles CaCO3/0.250 L= 3.9610^-4 M Ca2+ Moles Moles of EDTA Moles of EDTA=Moles CaCO3, 1 to 1 ratio. Molarity of EDTA Trial 1 (10 mL CaCO3 sol/25.6 mL EDTA @ end point)x (1L CaCO3 Sol/1000mL CaCO3 sol)x(1 g CaCO3/1 L sol)x(1 mole CaCO3/100.1g CaCO3)x(1 mole EDTA/1 mole CaCO3)x(1000 mL EDTA sol/1 L EDTA sol) = 0.0039 M Trial 2 (10 mL CaCO3 sol/25.5 mL EDTA @ end point)x (1L CaCO3 Sol/1000mL CaCO3 sol)x(1 g CaCO3/1 L sol)x(1 mole CaCO3/100.1g CaCO3)x(1 mole EDTA/1 mole CaCO3)x(1000 mL EDTA sol/1 L EDTA sol) =0.0039 M Trial 3 (10 mL CaCO3 sol/26 mL EDTA @ end point)x (1L CaCO3 Sol/1000mL CaCO3 sol)x(1 g CaCO3/1 L sol)x(1 mole CaCO3/100.1g CaCO3)x(1 mole EDTA/1 mole CaCO3)x(1000 mL EDTA sol/1 L EDTA sol) =0.0038 M Average Molarity (0.0039 M+0.0039 M+0.0039 M)/3=0.0039 M Test 2: Calculate moles of EDTA Trial 1 0.0138 L EDTA(3.910^-3 moles EDTA)= 5.8310^-5 Moles EDTA Trial 2 0.014 L EDTA(3.910^-3 moles EDTA)= 5.4610^-5 Moles EDTA Trial 3 0.0139 L EDTA(3.910^-3 moles EDTA)= 5.4210^-5 Moles EDTA Moles Ca2+ Moles of Ca2+ equals moles of EDTA Moles of CA2+ per liter Moles Ca2+ x 10 to get Moles per leter Trial 1 5.8310^-5 Moles EDTA(10)= 5.3810^-4 Moles Ca2+ per Liter Trial 2 5.4610^-5 Moles EDTA(10)= 5.4610^-4 Moles Ca2+ per Liter Trial 3 5.4210^-5 Moles EDTA(10)= 5.4210^-4 Moles Ca2+ per Liter Grams CaCO3 per liter Calculate by multiplying moles of Ca2+ by grams per mole of Ca2+ Trial 1 (5.3810^-4 Moles Ca2+/ 1L)(101.1g/1mole)= 0.054g/L CaCO3 Trial 2 (5.4610^-4 Moles Ca2+ /1L) (101.1g/1mole)= 0.055g/L CaCO3 Trial 3 (5.4210^-4 Moles Ca2+ /1L) (101.1g/1mole)= 0.055g/L CaCO3 Water Hardness Trial 1 (13.8 mL EDTA/25 mL sample)(1 L EDTA sol/1000 mL EDTA)(5.3810^-4 mol EDTA/1L EDTA)(1 mol CaCO3/1 mol EDTA)(100.1g CaCO3/1 mol CaCO3)(1000mg CaCO3/1g CaCO3)(1000mL Sample sol/1L sample sol)= 29.73 ppm CaCO3 Trial 2 (14 mL EDTA/25 mL sample)(1 L EDTA sol/1000 mL EDTA)(5.4610^-4 mol EDTA/1L EDTA)(1 mol CaCO3/1 mol EDTA)(100.1g CaCO3/1 mol CaCO3)(1000mg CaCO3/1g CaCO3)(1000mL Sample sol/1L sample sol)= 30.61 ppm CaCO3 Trial 3 (13.9 mL EDTA/25 mL sample)(1 L EDTA sol/1000 mL EDTA)(5.4210^-4 mol EDTA/1L EDTA)(1 mol CaCO3/1 mol EDTA)(100.1g CaCO3/1 mol CaCO3)(1000mg CaCO3/1g CaCO3)(1000mL Sample sol/1L sample sol)= 30.17 ppm CaCO3 Average water hardness (29.73+30.61+30.17)/3= 30.17 ppm CaCO3 Conclusion: The water hardness of a known and unknown sample solution has been determined by means of titration with disodium salt of EDTA to calculate the concentration of M2+ metal ion impurities in hard water in a process known as chelation. After running tests and calculating the water hardness in an unknown sample it was found that there was 30.17 ppm CaCO3 in the sample.

More Than Human, Angel Divine :: Personal Narrative Art Traveling Essays

More Than Human, Angel Divine "The purpose of art is not a rarified, intellectual distillate--it is life, intensified, brilliant life." --Alain Arias-Misson "I am a poor man and of little worth, who is laboring in that art that God has given me in order to extend my life as long as possible." --Michelangelo Buonarroti I have been very fortunate in the past few years in that I have been able to travel abroad. I have been intrigued by Mona Lisa's smile in Paris, witnessed the most artistic doodles imaginable in the Book of Kells in Dublin, and paid homage to the great souls entombed in Westminster Abbey in London. For me, some form of art seems to be packed in to every nook and cranny of European cities. But the greatest art that I have been fortunate enough to witness firsthand has been in Vatican City. The ceiling of the Sistine Chapel encompassed all that I could imagine art to be; breathtaking, imaginative, stirring, poignant, and heartbreaking. In essence, everything life itself can be. I had been in Italy for almost two weeks by the time I was able to visit Saint Peter's Basilica and the Sistine Chapel. I had spent a week in Tuscany, visiting places like Florence and Sienna, before heading to Rome. I managed to see some of the most beautiful art in the world without ever stepping into a museum. Instead, I headed into churches and piazzas and set eyes on masterpieces by the famous Italian artists whose names would be resurrected hundreds of years later as cartoon ninja fighting turtles: Donatello, Leonardo, Raphael, and my favorite, Michelangelo. I saw Michelangelo's David in Florence, a mass of marble beauty, ready to strike down the giant Goliath and a sign of hope and determination for the people of the city.

Aquinas and Dante: Perfecting Human Reason

Julia Caldwell Professor Albrecht Development of Western Civilization 2, February, 2013 Aquinas and Dante: Perfecting Human Reason Aquinas and Dante: Perfecting Human Reason Despite the fact that Dante’s reader doesn’t encounter St. Thomas Aquinas within the Comedia until Paradise, the beliefs and teachings of Aquinas are woven throughout the entirety of the famous poem. St. Thomas Aquinas’s cosmology and theology are used as the foundation for Dante’s Comedia, and for this reason it is no surprise that the experiences of the Pilgrim symbolically reflect many of Aquinas’s teachings.The Pilgrim’s experiences on his journey through the afterlife reflect what Aquinas called the, â€Å"two-fold truth concerning the divine being, one to which the inquiry of reason can reach, the other which surpasses the whole ability of human reason† (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 4). Dante also illustrates Aquinas’s conclusion that man’s reason tends toward the source of ultimate true while mans will tends toward the ultimate good. The reader is able to see how Dante’s will and reason search for, and ultimately attain, fulfillment in the vision of the Divine Essence.Both Aquinas and Dante emphasize the necessary union between human reason and divine faith as a means of attaining this fulfillment. As the instiller of these inclinations, only God Himself can satisfy them. Aquinas demonstrates this idea through his explanation of the natural and the divine law as they pertain to the Eternal law. Dante demonstrates this idea through the Pilgrim’s interactions with his guides and the culmination of his ascension in Paradise. Just as with body and soul, matter and form, there is a harmonious relationship between reason and faith; yet the agents within these partnerships are not equal.Both Dante and Aquinas acknowledge that human reason can assist the individual in understanding God and coinciding oneâ€℠¢s will with His will, but they both conclude that this secular-based reasoning is subjugated by and therefore must be perfected by theology. In Dante’s Virgil the reader finds human reason personified. Being the shade of a renowned and wise philosopher, Virgil is a perfect candidate to guide the Pilgrim through hell and purgatory. In his own lifetime Virgil lived as a pious man and therefore attained the imperfect Earthly happiness that can be acquired through natural powers.However, as Aquinas states, â€Å"every knowledge that is according to the mode of created substance, falls short of the vision of the Divine Essence,† therefore Virgil is unable to reach fulfillment since he cannot ascend to Paradise (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 12). Instead, like many of his pagan contemporaries, Virgil is doomed to spend eternity in the underworld’s Limbo. He will forever yearn to know the ultimate happiness and the ultimate truth that are only found in God. As Virgil puts it himself, â€Å"In this alone we suffer: cut off from hope, we live in desire† (Inferno, 20).Dante provides Virgil as a means of illustrating the incompleteness of human reason, whereby observing Aquinas’s warning. When describing the home of philosophers within Limbo Dante writes, â€Å"we reached a place spread out and luminous† (Inferno 22). It is fitting that this realm be characterized by light because as Aquinas states, â€Å"[natural reason] is nothing else than an imprint on us of the Divine light† (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 13). The knowledge possessed by the philosophers comes from God Himself, or the Eternal Law.Having never embraced the faith of God through the implementation of the theological virtues, however, Virgil is an imperfect soul. Much like Virgil, human reason is guided by the light of the Eternal Law, but is unperfected without the divine law. It is this very imperfection of Virgil’s nature that makes him the perf ect guide for the initial stages of Dante’s journey. In Virgil Dante finds a guide capable of explaining and illuminating the conceptual and rational worlds of Hell and Purgatory, but also in Virgil Dante is able to see the limits of human reason without the theological virtues.With Virgil as his guide, the Pilgrim is â€Å"guided by the light of natural reason† (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 2). Along his journey, however, Virgil comes to realize that his wise guide is not all-powerful. When the pair arrives at the gates of Dis in Canto 8, the Furies slam the gates of the city shut despite Virgil’s pleas. It is only when a holy messenger from Paradise arrives that the Furies surrender to God’s will and allow Dante and Virgil to enter. Taking this event metaphorically, reason is unable to go on further without grace. As the pair travel within the realm of Purgatory it becomes clear that Dante’s uestions are becoming more of a challenge for Virg il. When Virgil is trying to explain why his shade casts no shadow, his reasoning can only goes as far as to say that his condition is, â€Å"willed by that Power which wills its secret not to be revealed† (Purgatory 207). Dante goes on to describe Virgil’s countenance as having â€Å"anguished thoughts† (Purgatory 207). Virgil’s struggle to explain the dynamics of the afterlife as the pair comes closer to Paradise reflects Aquinas’s conclusion that â€Å"[the] human intellect is not able to reach a comprehension of the divine substance through its natural power† (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 3).Furthermore this instance exemplifies Aquinas’s conclusion that human reason is able to recognize effects but is unable to explain the Ultimate Cause of these effects without faith (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 9). Virgil can see that he has no shadow, but he cannot explain the source of the original cause. Since Virgil never believe d in the faith of the divine mysteries while he was still on Earth, his intellect is unable to grasp an understanding of God’s will. In conclusion, because Virgil doesn’t use faith to perfect his reason, his own will can never be aligned with the will of his Creator.Virgil specifically alludes to the fault in his faith when he distinguishes between pagan and Christian prayer. He admits that his own prayers, along with the prayers of all pagans, â€Å"had no access to God† (Purgatory, 225). Unlike pagan prayers, which according to Virgil in the Aeneid are powerless in a universe predestined by the Fates, Christian prayers are an embodiment of human participation with the true divine. By taking part in prayer, the individual takes part in the theological virtues that â€Å"are infused by God alone† and â€Å"direct us aright to God† (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 11).It is only through the participation in these theological virtues that an individual can be guided toward God Himself. These virtues are the perfecting agents by which the human will and intellect are pushed toward their â€Å"last act† (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 8). This last act is the attainment of happiness in the vision of the Divine Essence. Rather than try to explain concepts beyond what his reason can grapple with, Virgil asks his pupil to wait for Beatrice to answer his questions on this subject: â€Å"Do not try to resolve so deep a doubt; wait until she shall make it clearer—she, he light between truth and intelligence† (Purgatory 225). In this statement Virgil admits that Beatrice, as â€Å"the light†, is more capable of illuminating matters of the divine than the poet. Once the pair reaches the top of mount Purgatory, Virgil tells his young friend, â€Å"you’ve reached the place where my discernment now has reached its end† (Purgatory 351). Virgil has taken the Pilgrim as far as reason can dictate; now Dant e requires a guide of theological proportions to guide him in a realm where reason is blinded.When Dante reaches the top of Mount Purgatory, he has been cleansed of every perversion of the will. The feelings of admiration he felt for Virgil have been replaced by the intense love he feels for his new guide, Beatrice. He now desires conceptual knowledge less and instead begins to explore understanding through his senses. This tradeoff is necessary in this new realm where observations may not be fitting to human concepts. This necessity is made clear when Beatrice beings to explain to Dante the divinely ordained distribution of power amongst the stars (Paradise Canto I).Before she lays out the complicated plan she warns Dante, â€Å"even when the senses guide, reason’s wingspan can sometimes be short† (Paradise 399). This is a reminder to Dante that his experiences in Paradise will not be as easily digested and picked apart as his experiences in Hell and Purgatory. In the former realms, human reason could essentially provide explanations without needing the aid of theology. This is also a cue to Dante’s readers that they are not mentally capable of understanding the phenomena he is about to experience, so they must rely on faith.In a larger context, humanity must rely on its faith in God to have any earthly understanding of what heaven is. Donning red, white, and green, Beatrice symbolically represents the theological virtues, including faith. Dante initially relies on the eyes of Beatrice to reflect the heavenly bodies, since the brightness of Paradise overwhelms his eyes (Paradise 393). This can be metaphorically applied to the idea that humans must rely on the assistance of God, through belief and participation in the theological virtues, to begin to understand God’s mysteries.In the same way Dante initially owes his sight of Paradise to the eyes of Beatrice, humanity owes perfection of its reason to the theological virtues. As Aqui nas chimes, â€Å"the theological virtues direct man to supernatural happiness† (Summa Theologiae, Handout II, 11). Through keeping faith in the mysteries while on Earth, a soul will be ready to behold them in the afterlife. In this way, both Dante and Aquinas emphasize how important it is for Christians to believe in the mysteries of the divine even when they transcend human reason.Even having beheld the beauty of the Divine himself, Dante is unable to relate the experience in words to his readers. Though he has seen the mysteries of God with his own eyes, the Divine Essence’s unparalleled nature transcends human explanation and human understanding. In this way Dante illustrates Aquinas’s conclusion that while on Earth we must rely on what we believe not what we actually see and understand. Aquinas says, â€Å"although human reason cannot grasp fully the truths that are yet above it†¦if it somehow holds these truths by faith, it acquires great perfection for itself† (Summa Contra Gentiles, Handout I, 6).In this way Aquinas clarifies the relationship between faith and reason. Without faith, reason remains unperfected and vulnerable to falsehoods. With faith, however, reason aligns itself with truth and thus aligns itself with the will of God. Individuals who perfect reason with faith are guided along the path towards salvation, just as Dante experiences. Following this path, one is able to arrive at the end toward which all humanity tends, prepared and deserving of the vision of the Divine Essence. It is only at this moment that the individual achieves the desires of both reason and will: truth and happiness.

Comparison of Theoretical Orientation Essay

Comparison of Theoretical Orientation The two theories that I am choosing to compare and contrast in the situation given, is Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and William Glasser’sreality theory. William Glasser, M. D. , is the developer of Reality Therapy and Choice Therapy. Glasserdeveloped a cause and effect theory that explains human behavior. He focuses on personal choice, personal responsibility and personal transformation. William Glasser has an approach on his theory that is very nontraditional. He does not believe that somebody can have a mental illness unless there is something organically wrong with the brain. He also believes that if somebody is considered to have a mental illness it needs to be confirmed by apathologist. William Glasser also believes that genetically we are social creatures and need each other. That may very well be the cause of almost all psychological symptoms which is our inability to get along with the important and meaningful people in our lives. Sigmund Freud developed a theory to explain psychoanalytic and psychotherapist and much of his work comes from self-analysis. Sigmund Freud’s work suggests that early experiences in one’s life can shape and develop the way we behave as adults. Freud identified five stages within the first five years of life and he believes that our behavior patterns consist of three main elements which are the ID-this is the basic instincts present at birth, also known as the pleasure principle. The Ego-realistic acts within the mind and reality, this is also considered that the fence principal. The Super-Ego-this is the sense of conscious, our duty and responsibility, this is also known as the moral principle. Freud believed that when conflicts arose between these three parts it was those experiences from birth and early childhood that had the most impact on us as we became adults. Even though Freud never studied children and it’s fair to say some people have doubt about his theories, Freud developed his theories based on clinical experience with his patients and they were usually all women. Knowing that Freud’s work was based on an assumption that personality is shaped and behavior is motivated by powerful inner forces can make it easy for one to misunderstand or misinterpret Freud’s theory.