TOK wok Free Essays

TOK Writing Assignment â€Å"When the main instrument you have is a sledge, all issues start to look like nails. † (Abraham Maslow) How may this apply to methods of knowing, as instruments, in the quest for information? Methods of knowing typify memory, language, feeling, instinct, sense discernment, reason, creative mind, and confidence, which partake during the time spent procuring information. For example, language can be considered as a methods for trading the information with one another and feeling is an approach to communicate our own sentiments and pass on the message to others. We will compose a custom article test on TOK wok or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now We can utilize hese methods of knowing as an apparatus to get information, along these lines understanding our general surroundings. Talking about device, the statement above may proposes that on the off chance that we just have a sledge, hence it turns into the best way to take care of the considerable number of issues, which implies all the issues are normally appeared as nails in our psyche, regardless of whether they are basically not. For this situation, the sledge impacts the perspective towards all the issues. That being stated, we are probably going to decide the things around us, even the world, in light of the device we are holding. This idea gives a thought that if methods of nowing is considered as an apparatus, similar to a sledge, it will influence how we assess the difficult first, therefore affecting the manner in which we take care of the issues and in any event, molding the manner by which we consider our general surroundings. Sense recognition, one method of knowing, is characterized as an instrument by how we get information on incitement of faculties. In basic terms, we use faculties to look and feel, so as to comprehend the world. Seeing and hearing are two basic materials adding to detect discernment, which assume a huge job in affecting how we consider the world. A case of it transpired, which caused me firmly to feel the intensity of sense recognition on the view towards the world. Since now I am concentrating in Canada, a multi-culture nation, my companions at school are from everywhere throughout the world, who have diverse skin and hair shading. It is anything but difficult to see individuals of various nationalities, while I am strolling in the city. As a distinct difference, it is uncommon to discover individuals with various hair shading in the nation where I originate from, particularly when my distant grandma grew up. By some coincidence, I demonstrated my distant grandma the photographs of my riends here; she was completely stunned by a wide range of various hair shading she saw. She sat dazed for some time and stated, â€Å"Oh, why they don’t have dark hair! They appear to be totally unique from us. Amazing, can’t envision, that’s not true†¦ This is the first run through, my distant grandma really observed individuals in various hair shading and she was stunned by that, even questioned herself at the initial couple of moments. It is on the grounds that she believed that everybody on the planet had dark hair and yellow skin, all the more strangely, she has never at any point contemplated different nations in her domain of information. In any case, for a ninety-eight-year-old individual in China, wh at she saw each day were individuals with dark hair and all that she heard was about the xanthoderm. It isn't astounding that she normally had this perspective of the world as per what she saw and heard. This straightforward model shows that sense recognition, as a method of knowing, can impact what we look like the issue, for this situation, the world, and afterward reaching an inference of the issue. Not just the sense observation as a way ot knowing can guide the interest ot information, confidence likewise shows its solid impact on it. Concerning confidence, it helps me to remember a sonnet I read in my English class. The sonnet â€Å"Limbo†, composed via Seamus Heaney, depicts a burdensome story that a Catholic mother endeavored to murder her child by placing him in the ocean in 1970s. The motivation behind why she did that is on the grounds that this is an ill-conceived newborn child and she thinks it is the proper activity dependent on her solid Catholic confidence. In contrast with the Buddhism, they could never place it similarly, in light of the fact that murdering an infant paying little heed to if the child is an ill-conceived or not can be considered as a wrongdoing as per their confidence. Catholicism and Buddhism both have faith in various confidence, which drives two totally different Judgments towards something very similar. At the end of the day, various beliefs permit individuals to Judge distinctively as they look from the changed points towards a certain something, in the runner up, prompting settle on various choices. Basically, the idea that methods of knowing could shape the manner in which we gauge issues and thinking of various approaches to comprehend them is checked by this model. By the by, there is a typical counterclaim expresses that the manner in which we take care of an issue depends on the difficult itself, moreover what we look like t the issues doesn't change the fundamental significance or property of the issues. Despite the fact that it may be valid, during the way toward assessing an issue and understanding it, we unwittingly decipher the issues in our own one of a kind way. Consequently when we pass on those issues or thoughts to others by dialects, what they secure is the individual perspective towards those issues, not simply the issue, which implies we by implication change the property of the issues when we convey them by utilizing the apparatus we has. This embroils language, another method of knowing, can shape ow we look and decipher things around us. As an outside understudy, English is my second language which I am utilizing as a device to trade thoughts with others now. I generally find that it is extremely difficult for me to make an interpretation of Chinese straightforwardly into English, the other way around. It is on the grounds that the manner in which we make a sentence, the structure of the sentence and the request for the sentence constituents are for the most part extraordinary. For example, when we depict an item, we constantly put all the descriptive words before the article; be that as it may, English-speakers want to portray an article following with a subordinate lause, which implies the significant piece of the item is really showing up after it. As I have been communicating in mandarin for right around sixteen years, a dug in thought applies an extraordinary effect on me as I unknowingly esteem the things with the portrayal before them more than those having the depiction after them at the time I see or hear them. Since I routinely give more consideration to that, I would by one way or another miss the part where my Canadian companions are attempting to underscore by utilizing the manner in which they depict a thing, which prompts mistaken assumptions or evaluating things in an unexpected way. Be that as it may, ccording to my circumstance currently, living in an English-talking nation, I should drop my mandarin mallet and get the English sledge, so as to nail the proper thing with the correct apparatus. All things considered, the possibility that methods of knowing can affect how we define thoughts, determine ends, and in this manner picking up information has been exhibited by investigating various methods of realizing, for example, sense observation, confidence, and language. All through my article, we can close we utilize various methods of knowing as apparatuses to look for the fortune of information and permitting these devices to choose what (1243) kind ot treasure we are going to tind Step by step instructions to refer to TOK wok, Papers

Laser Tattoo Removal Essay Example

Laser Tattoo Removal Paper My crowd will comprehend the historical backdrop of tattoo expulsion just as how advanced laser tattoo evacuation functions and the best possibility for laser tattoo evacuation. Subject: Strategy: Explanation. Limited: (1) History of tattoo evacuation; (2) How laser tattoo expulsion works; (3) Laser tattoo evacuation results Ethos: Primary: I am an Aesthetician and work for Dr. Imprint Taylor. Tattoo expulsion is one of the most widely recognized laser medicines we perform every day at the Gateway Esthetic Institute.Secondary: I refer to various references in addition to photographs and a video of the method being done (if time permits). Crowd Assessment: A choice of my crowd in all probability has had a tattoo or known somebody with a tattoo that they do not need anymore. I will additionally instruct my crowd on the tattoo evacuation procedure and who the best contender for the system is. Adjustment to Audience: Many crowd individuals either have tattoos or have considered getting a tattoo, yet what they aren’t mindful of is the way toward getting a tattoo removed.I will utilize pictures just as data from the dermatologist I work with to teach the crowd of what they can anticipate from the tattoo expulsion process. Opening Strategy (snare): Informative Key Word Outline: Laser Tattoo Removal Introduction Hook:It may have appeared to be a smart thought at first, however years, months or even perhaps just a couple of hours after the fact the lament is settling in and you are asking yourself â€Å"what would i say i was thinking, getting a tattoo? † Maybe it’s he situation you are discontent with, or conceivable the shading or picture, whatever it might be making you reexamine your â€Å"brilliant† thought, you aren’t alone. As indicated by WebMD it is evaluated that near 10% of the U. S. populace has a type of tattoo, and in the end the same number of as half of them need it expelled. Fortunate for that half of individuals, with the new laser tattoo expulsion strategies, specialists can help individuals of any age free themselves of something that they no longer need on their bodies. I will presently clarify the history, procedure and symptoms and consequences of laser tattoo removal.Thesis: Most of us know the way toward getting a tattoo, however what we aren’t as acquainted with is the way toward getting a tattoo evacuated. I will clarify the history, procedure and symptoms and aftereffects of laser tattoo expulsion. Review: †¢ How tattoos were expelled before laser tattoo evacuation was concocted †¢ How does laser tattoo expulsion work †¢ What are the reactions and aftereffects of tattoo evacuation Transition: To investigate the long history of tattoo expulsion, I talked with dermatologist Dr. Imprint Taylor at the Gateway Esthetic Institute. Body: I.Dr. Imprint Taylor says that tattoo expulsion goes back to antiquated Egyptian occasions; anyway in present day society, up until the most recent decade, tattoo evacuation was regularly difficult and left unattractive scarring. A. The accompanying tattoo expulsion forms occurred before laser tattoo evacuation came around. 1. Removing the skin containing the tattoo ink-which here and there is as yet done if the tattoo can not be treated with the laser. 2. Dermabrasion Salabrasion-sanding/sanding salting of the skin-Historically this is the most widely recognized approach to evacuate a tattoo.The thought being to damage the skin and afterward applying aggravations to draw out the tattoo ink. A quickly turning precious stone fraise wheel or a wire brush 3. Laser vaporization-wearing out the skin 4. Substance strips B. Side effects of tattoo evacuation without a laser 1. Dermabrasion has a high danger of scarring and loss of ordinary skin shade Severely excruciating 2. Danger of contamination 3. All strategies are agonizing Transition: Now let’s investigate laser tattoo evacuation. Laser tattoo expulsion was a t first performed with persistent frequency when it was first discharged on the market.It was then changed to a Q-Switched Laser (what is presently utilized), which opened up in the 90’s. II. How does the laser really evacuate tattoos A. The site howstuffworks. com sums up how the laser tattoo expulsion process functions in basic terms. The article portrays that the laser works by delivering short beats of extreme light that go innocuously through the top layers of the skin to be specifically consumed by the tattoo shade. 1. Laser Energy causes the tattoo color to piece into littler particles 2.The particles are later tidied up by the body’s characteristic invulnerable procedure 3. Just color from the tattoo is focused with the laser-The skin encompassing the tattoo is safe 4. By and large, most tattoos can be evacuated in 5-15 center visits B. In spite of the fact that it’s called tattoo expulsion, totally expelling a tattoo can be troublesome. In the event tha t you’ve set that sweet stanza of verse on your neck or chest in dark or red ink, you’re in karma. Be that as it may, the itty-bitty tweedy-winged animal tattoo on your foot or wrist in particular shades of green, purple or blue will be considerably more difficult. . Fluctuates with the kind of tattoo, the shade of the ink, the thickness of the color, the size and profundity of the tattoo, and the body’s response to the treatment. 2. Dark ink is regularly the most straightforward shading to treat. Multi-shaded tattoos, particularly those with yellow and other abnormal hues might be hard to totally evacuate 3. Tattoos closer to the heart with expanded blood flexibly, react all the more rapidly to treatment 4. On the off chance that you are going back and forth about saying so long to your exes name on your shoulder bone, it might profit you to hold up a bit of longer.According to dermatologist Dr. Will Kirby and furthermore visitor star on LA Ink says, more estab lished tattoo’s are simpler to evacuate than fresh out of the plastic new ones. â€Å"Some individuals get a tattoo at 10 in the first part of the day and they need it expelled by 11, yet you’ve got the opportunity to hold up at any rate a month and a half before your first laser treatment. † Transition: Now that we know about how laser tattoo expulsion functions, let’s examine the million dollar question, â€Å"does it hurt†, just as the pos-treatment contemplations. III. Does laser tattoo evacuation hurt? A. As per Dr. Imprint Taylor, the effect of the vitality from the laser’s owerful beat of light has been portrayed as like getting hot bits of bacon lubed on your skin or being snapped by a slim elastic band. The fast heartbeats created from the laser may feel distinctive to every patient. â€Å"The deplorable thing about tattoos is that both getting them and having them taken off can be awkward. † B. To additionally diminish the t orment, the doctors suggest one of the accompanying alternatives: 1. Topical sedative cream applied to the territory an hour prior to treatment 2. Nearby sedative infused into the tattoo before treatmentC. What occurs after laser evacuation is performed 1. Quickly following treatment, the tattoo will have a whitish appearance, build up some expanding, rankling, and may have pinpoint draining 2. Anti-microbial salve and a wrap are applied 3. The rewarded zone will take around fourteen days to mend and will start to blur 4. You can look forward completing the excruciating system again in 4 two months D. Commonly the main genuine side effect’s to laser tattoo expulsion is fragmented evacuation of the tattoo just as the high cost of the treatment Conclusion:You may now ask yourself is getting a tattoo worth the cash and bother? It’s truly up to you. A few people truly make the most of their tattoos and save them forever, while others may lament that they followed up withou t really thinking and didn’t ponder it before they got one. Presently you that you have a comprehension of the tattoo evacuation process you might have the option to settle on a more idea out choice, or on account of you previously having a tattoo you currently comprehend what goes in to getting it off! References: â€Å"Laser Tattoo Removal. † WebMD. 12 June 2012.

Kim Dae Jung-Letting the Sun Shine In free essay sample

The accompanying paper talks about Kim Dae Jungs history and analyzes the purposes behind his triumphant the 2000 Nobel Peace Prize. This paper analyzes Kims methodology of attempting to bring North Korea and South Korea closer and of attempting to make the North progressively open. What's more the strategys chances for progress are likewise examined. From the paper: Kim appears to have a decent as chance as anybody is probably going to defrost the connections between the two nations that were separated toward the finish of the Korean War and from multiple points of view despite everything stay caught by the sort of strains that once encompassed a significant part of the globe during the Cold War. His history of attempting to move his nation tenderly yet immovably into the future dates from his ascent to being a conspicuous restriction pioneer during the residency of President Park Chung Hee. In 1997 he turned into the South Korean first restriction pioneer to win political race to his countrys administration. We will compose a custom article test on Kim Dae Jung-Letting the Sun Shine In or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page ?

Silent Stars Free Essays

Home. At long last. I turn off the radiator, the lights, and afterward the motor. We will compose a custom exposition test on Quiet Stars or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Work was troublesome. An additional 7-hour move, finished. I get my effects, open the entryway, and stroll to my home. The canines are yelping as of now. The brutal bark of Reggie and the low, nearly snarling of Checkers can be gotten notification from the yard. I make the way for discover the expansion lights on. Every other person is sleeping. The mutts welcome me with their typical joy. Checkers sniffs my legs, and Reggie stars at me, swaying his little â€Å"nubbin.† Turning around to the entryway, I turn the lock. With a little push, I ensure the entryway is totally shut. I turn the handle once to ensure it is really bolted. You just can't be sure whether somebody will come in your home in the night. I pull the rope, and mood killer the light. I abhor the dull. My folks wheeze so noisily. Crawling past their room to my own room, I open the entryway gradually trying to cover the inescapable shrieking sound. â€Å"Erin? Is that you?† Dad asks the moment the entryway sounds. â€Å"Yeah, Dad. I’m home.† I turn on my room light, and close the entryway. There’s no compelling reason to stress over the sound it makes now. Father is as of now wakeful. My shoulder throbs from all the weight I’m conveying. I put my book sack down toward the side of the room. Setting my orange sack on my bed, I start to take out all the garments that need washed. To begin with, my tennis shorts, at that point my shirt, at that point my socks, at that point my shoes. That's right, everything’s there. Next, I take out my school garments: my pants, my shirt, and my shoes. Great, didn’t overlook anything. At long last, I take the garments and put in them in the hamper. I’ll easily forget in the first part of the day. I go to my storage room to select my night robe, picking my underpants first. Next, I pick a shirt to stay in bed. The last article is my jeans. Everything needs to coordinate. On the off chance that they don’t, I need to return them. An additional ten-minute procedure. Time to shower. The smell of oil, fries, and fat, inexpensive food is overpowering around evening time. I gradually slide the entryway shut, turn on the light, and open the hamper. Showering rapidly, I make a point to wash my hair twice. I detest hardened hair. I turn off the water and dry myself. At that point, I get dressed, and prepare to brush my teeth. I remove my toothbrush from the holder. The pleasant, sparkly, pink spread needs expelled. Removing the spread and putting it to one side of the sink, I wet my toothbrush once and apply the toothpaste. I wet the brush once more. Brushing my teeth gradually, I try to get each tooth impeccably spotless. Last, I gradually make delicate circles on my front teeth making a point to get them cleaned incredibly well. I run the brush under the water once more, and afterward flush my mouth with the most blazing water that will come out. Let the water out, at that point flush once more. It’s typical in my daily practice. Presently my mouth is sufficiently perfect to talk. I sneak to the PC room, and discreetly grab the telephone from its charger. Coming back to my room is troublesome. I need to gradually close the entryway to abstain from waking my folks. I hold the telephone under a pad so my folks can’t hear me dial. Putting my finger on the 9, I dial his number effortlessly despite the fact that I can't see the catches I am pushing. Remembering the area of the numbers on the telephone has made this activity simpler. I rapidly spread my head before he picks up the telephone to overwhelm the sound of my voice. He gets and we talk for some time. The floor squeaks as the heater turns on. The sound is consoling to me now. We hang up following a 30 minutes and I sneak the telephone back to the PC room. I’m practically prepared to rest. I stroll back to my room and close the entryway for the last time. Turning on the radio to Q 102, I get the pink dinosaur he got me for Easter, and move into bed. Rapidly I petition God for my family and my companions and express gratitude toward God for all the days he has given me. At the point when I am done conversing with God, I shut my mouth, and afterward my eyes. The energy of the day goes through my mind once more. I wonder about the occasions that have occurred. In the event that I had said something in an unexpected way, or acted in an alternate way, what might have occurred? Contemplating the great things that happened at work and school today makes me grin. My companions are difficult to supplant. My brain appears to hop around more rapidly now. That’s the sign I was searching for. I am drawing near to rest. As I float off, I tune in to the radio. The words I hear start to drift in my mind: â€Å"I presumably wouldn’t be like this. I likely wouldn’t hurt so terrible. I never envisioned each moment, without you in it. Gracious, you left so quick. At times I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Step by step instructions to refer to Silent Stars, Papers

SIPA alumni on Forbes 30 Under 30; new Columbia Displaced Student Scholarship COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPA alumni on Forbes 30 Under 30; new Columbia Displaced Student Scholarship COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The U.S. celebrated Thanksgiving last week, and wherever you are, I hope you were able to spend some time with loved ones and eat a good meal together. Now that were back, heres a SIPA news roundup: SIPA Alumni Featured on Forbes 30 Under 30 Forbes just released their 30 Under 30 list, which includes co-founders of education-tech startup Learnabi Rahel Tekola MPA 18 and Niara Valerio MPA 19! We are so excited that Rahel and Niara are being recognized for their amazing work, especially since we got to know them when they were program assistants at the Office of Admissions and Financial Aid! They shared how they met as students at SIPA and started Learnabi in this blog post from February 2019. Congratulations Rahel and Niara! First University-Wide Scholarship Program for Displaced Students The United Nations estimates that more than 70 million people are currently living as refugees or asylum-seekers, or have been internally displaced due to wars and natural calamity â€" the largest such population in human history. Were proud that prospective SIPA students can apply for the world’s first university-wide scholarship for displaced students. Hear from Warda Sahtout MIA 20 and other Columbia University in the City of New York students about the impact of this scholarship and learn more about applying at globalcenters.columbia.edu/CUSDS. Warda Sahtout MIA 20 Upcoming Scholarship Opportunities The SIPA Financial Aid Office maintains a database of external funding opportunities, and we wanted to alert students to some with upcoming application deadlines.   For more external scholarship awards, go to our External Fellowships and Funding Sources page. Margaret McNamara Education Grants Requirements: Applicants must be at least 25 years old at the time of the application deadline, a national of a country listed on the MMEG Country Eligibility list, enrolled for a full academic term after award and not related to a World Bank Group, IMF or Inter-American Development Bank. Deadline: January 15, 2020 Boren Graduate Fellowships Requirements: Applicants must be US citizens  planning an overseas program that meets home institution standards in a country outside of Western Europe, Canada, Australia or New Zealand. Deadline: January 29, 2020 Lint Center for National Security Scholarships Requirements: Scholarships provided to Counterintelligence and National Security Workers, their children and scholars, and to advance the study of National Security, cross-cultural studies, and global understanding. Deadline: January 31, 2020 Straus Historical Society Scholarship Requirements: Applicants must be U.S. citizens preparing for a career in public service. Deadline: January 31, 2020 Finlandia Foundation National Scholarships Requirements: Applicants must be U.S. or Finnish citizens with a minimum GPA 3.0. Deadline: February 1, 2020 Kappa Kappa Gamma Foundation Scholarships Requirements: Applicants must be members of Kappa Kappa Gamma. Deadline: February 1, 2020 Zeta Phi Beta National Education Foundation Scholarship Requirements: Applicants need not be members of Zeta Phi Beta. Eligibility criteria and award amounts vary, and some are available for international students. Deadline: February 1, 2020

Memories in The Glass Menagerie - Free Essay Example

Memories in The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams is classified as a Memory Play (Williams, 5).   Being a memory play, it is dimly lighted, it is sentimental, it is not realistic (Williams, 5).  Ã‚   Memories often are biased to what people want to remember, or how they want to remember.   Tom Wingfield, the narrator of the play, explains that In memory, everything seems to happen to music (Williams, 5).   All of the characters in the play have been in some way affected by their past, and struggled to move on from it.   From this, they gain specific traits and emotions that are important to their personality.   Memories play a major role in The Glass Menagerie, as the story is told through what Tom Wingfield remembers about the past events in his life.. Tom Wingfield, the narrator, struggles in his life, painstakingly remembering how his father had left him, his sister, and mother alone without warning.   He explains that he has two situations to choose from: He can either live how he wants to, but abandon his mother and sister, just how his father did, or he can swallow his own dreams in life and stick with them.   When he makes the decision to leave behind his family, he is overwhelmed with a sense of guilt.   this division in his character, and his attempt to resolve it, creates a fundamental tension in the play (Bell).   His mother and sister no longer had a provider, and he knows it is his fault.   His mother even calls him out at one point when he tries to leave.   Go to the movies, go! Dont think about us, a mother deserted, an unmarried sister whos crippled and has no job! Dont let anything interfere with your selfish pleasure! (Williams, 95) He does not want to become the same kind of man his father was, but he ultimately has a soliloquy that reflects his fathers behaviors, and then thinks about facing his sister after all that time.   I didnt go to the moon.   I went much further- for time is the longest distance between two places I traveled around a great deal.   The cities swept about me like dead leaves that were brightly colored but torn away from the branches.   I would have stopped, but I was pursued by something Perhaps I am walking along a street at night, in some strange city, before I have found companions.   I pass the lighted window of a shop where perfume is sold.   The window is filled with pieces of colored glass, tiny transparent bottles in delicate colors, like bits of shattered rainbow.   Then all at once my sister touches my shoulder.   I turn around and look into her eyes(Williams, 96). However, Tom is not the only one affected by his past.   Laura Wingfield, Toms sister, is an emotionally distressed young lady, who struggles greatly with her past.   In addition to her emotional pain, she is physically disabled as well, due to an illness from her childhood.   She is incredibly shy and lacks confidence due to the leg brace she must wear.   She keeps to herself, surrounded by records and her glass animals.  Ã‚   She lives in a world of fantasy wherein she collects glass animals and takes daily trips to the zoo (Bell).   She can even be compared to the animals in her collection; fragile and delicate.   Laura explains that Most of them are little animals made out of glass, the tiniest little animals in the world (Williams, 82).   Through her, the audience is constantly reminded of her father, whose records she plays throughout the play.   It is a way she remembers her father.   She clearly lacks a male-figure in her life, because of her father and br other leaving her and her mother behind.   This becomes more evident when she is reunited with Jim OConnor, a man who she had loved as a girl.   While they are dancing, they accidentally bump into the table that held Lauras glass animals.   The unicorn falls off and the horn breaks, which can be a symbol of how peculiar she felt about herself before speaking with Jim, and how she felt normal around him, just as a unicorn without a horn is just a horse.   It is clear she still loves him, but she is shot down when she hears that he is already engaged to someone else. She is overwhelmed by this, and is unable to move past it.   Laura once again feels abandoned by a man. She remembers her past, compares it to her present, and feels like giving up on her future. Amanda Wingfield, Tom and Lauras mother, has also struggled with her past, but handles it differently.   She is not crippled by it, but pushed to make positive situations out of negative ones.   She believes that in the end everything will turn out okay.   Reflecting on her past, she feels that she had missed out in a world of young men and experiences.   She was very popular, and often remembers how many gentlemen callers she had in order to feel a sense of happiness and wholeness.   However, she met her husband and married him instead.   She hopes that Laura can find a husband, because she feels a sense of security in knowing her daughter does not go down the same path as she did.   Unlike Laura, Amanda is very open about her emotions, as she struggles in her own childhood.   When she was a young girl, she was faced with social situations she did not know how to deal with.   Amanda grew up impoverished in a St. Louis house in an alleyway.   With heroic desperati on, Amanda attempts to keep the family together although her background and temperament provide her with few strategies to do so (Bell).   Her struggle is not overcoming her memories of the past, but reaching freedom in her life, where it is difficult not to feel trapped.   Her biggest apparent fear is that she will become weak, like most unmarried women she sees.   She explains that those unmarried women are pitiful cases, and little birdlike women without any nest (Williams, 16).   Amanda does not want her or her daughter to suffer from their past events.   Jim OConnor, Lauras prospective caller, is the most realistic out of the other characters.   However, he does struggle with his own past successes. Jim is a former hero of the high school Tom and Laura Wingfield attended (Heintzelman).   However, as he grew older, he found it incredibly difficult to excel elsewhere.   He would reminisce and try to bask in the glory of his high school days, hoping others would address him for what he used to be as well. I was valuable to him as someone who could remember his former glory (Williams, 50).   Jim is settled down and engaged, trying to feel comfortable in his new, more low-key lifestyle.   While Jim did not face the same hardships as the Wingfields, he still has to recover from his exciting and popular lifestyle.   He has to learn how to stop living through the past, and start moving forward.   It is also quite possible that these great memories flood his mind, and that he blocks out the hardships, making it even more difficu lt for him to remember that his life was not always perfect.   A persons memory can sometimes be selective and unreliable. In other words, certain things are forgotten in order to focus on others. In the case of the Wingfields, they went through an abundance of pain and suffering.   They have become so focused on what they have been through, and they forget many of the positive times in their life, when things were not so bad.   Tom Wingfield recalls most of his life in a negative way, however life is full of ups and downs.   Tom just subconsciously chooses to focus on the negative, since it was so relevant to his life.   In the case of Jim OConnor however, the brain can also block out the negatives, and focus solely on the positives.   He often thinks about his life as the superstar of his former sports team, but forgets (for example) about the training and grueling practice it took to get there.   He tries to keep reliving his successes without addressing his hard work and endeavors to reach that point.   In both cases, memories can have a negative effect on a persons ability to move forward. Memory omits certain details, and overemphasizes others.   Tennessee Williams Emphasizes how subjective memory is with the visual of stage directions, saying He tears the portieres open. The dining-room area is lit with a turgid smoky red glow (Williams, 22).   Psychologists at Harvard University think that   a malfunction in this system may be to blame for mood disorders like depression and anxiety † where simulations of the future are repetitively negative, and hammer home a distortedly negative worldview(Beck).   This theory supports the idea that memories affect them mentally, causing them to grow weak and delicate.   These characters form their own glass menagerie, fragile, easy-to-break people, who are trying to live a life of illusion blurred by their memories.   They get in their own heads and are unable to actually accomplish anything.   Because of Tom Wingfield narrating this story through memory, his inner thoughts are worn on his sleeve.   Just like glass, their emotions are shining through, the characters are transparent in how they are feeling.   It is evident that they are all facing their own inner demons.   Tennessee Williams writes When you look at a piece of delicately spun glass you think of two things: how beautiful it is and how easily it can be broken (Williams, xxi).   This can be said about the characters in the play as well.   Life is beautiful, but can easily become destroyed by inner thoughts and emotions.   In this case, the emotions and inner thoughts all stem from their recollections in their lives. While Tom Wingfield is the narrator, it is not Toms memo ry alone that serves as the focal point.   With careful scrutiny, one finds that each character is frozen in time because of his or her memory (Bell).  Ã‚   Laura is fascinated by these glass animals, relating them to herself and the others in the play.   These figurines also cannot move on their own, which can relate back to the fact that their inability to move forward is caused by the inability to overcome failed dreams (Bell).

The Legal Status Of Marijuana - 1087 Words

Furthermore, there are other articles that gave reliable information about the legal status of marijuana. This is important to know because legal ramifications is a very important aspect of the topic. These sources give information pertaining where it is legal and why it is not legal in other states. The article from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov divulged into the legal status. This thoroughly explained how the FDA currently does not approve the drug due to lack of scientific research. It also explained how and why the drug became Schedule 1. Finally, medscape.com contains details about the ethics of the topic. Medscape shows both sides of the story, which is more reliable than other sites that are too one sided. Medscape explained that those who†¦show more content†¦First, I went onto procon.org to get some background information on medical marijuana. I learned that there were many facets to this topic. There were legal, ethical, and medical dilemmas with legalizing medical marijuana. I also discovered that many states already have the substance legalized. Another article where I found good background info about the risks, benefits, uses, and certification was â€Å"Medical Marijuana† by Amy E. Thompson. After gaining some basic knowledge there were a few questions that I knew I wanted to answer. I wanted learn things like what doctor’s opinions were, where was it legalized, and why the FDA and federal government has not approved it. In order to do so, I decided to find my answers by scouring reli able websites and articles. I visited informational websites such as medscape.com, ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, drugpolicy.org,drugabuse.gov, www.fda.gov, and jama.jamanetwork.com. Each website contained articles about the various legal, ethical, and medical aspects. From this, I learned vital information about the topic and was able to make my decision. Findings: From the intense research the information learned included various doctor’s opinions, the government’s opinions, legalization, medical benefits, medical risks, and legal issues. First, the opinions of doctors are split because some support the idea while others oppose it. In both opinions, the doctor believes he

Economic Databases Are Collections Of Economic Information...

Economic databases are collections of economic information that inform the public about important issues that show economic growth or decline. These databases are very diverse and specific ranging from unemployment statistics to construction spending. The data is then used to help calculate long term and short term growth and let people know about economic opportunities. This information can be compared to different countries to let one country know where they measure between other countries. My first economic database was from the U.S. Department of Commerce on â€Å"Personal Income†. As defined by Investopedia, personal income is â€Å"Total compensation received by an individual. Personal income includes compensation from a number of sources - salaries, wages and bonuses received from employment or self-employment; dividends and distributions received from investments; rental receipts from real estate investments; profit-sharing from a business and so on.† (1) This data shows the personal income in all 4 quarters of 2013 and 2014 and has the first 2 quarters of 2015.This data is important because it displays how much money is being compensated to employees and breaks down certain items like wages and salaries, private industries, etc. This information can be useful to the government because it shows how much money Americans are making and where the compensation of an employee is going. The â€Å"Wages and Salaries by Industry† found on the U.S. Dep artment of Commerce Bureau of EconomicShow MoreRelatedUs Foods Business Analysis1916 Words   |  8 Pageswhose success began as a merchant for tea and coffee in Chicago in 1883 (http://www.usfoods.com). Today, US Foods is one of America’s leading food distributors, servicing every area of the industry, from small restaurants to healthcare, employing about 25,000 people working in over 60 locations nationwide. Their success is based upon their dedication to their customers, through integrity, innovation and teamwork. With a mission to â€Å"transform the food service industry by creating a superiorRead MoreSWOT Analysis of Nigerian Business Environment24237 Words   |  97 PagesLeppà ¤vaara Laurea University of Applied Sciences Laurea Leppà ¤vaara Renewable Energy Market Analysis in Nigeria Daramola Oladipo Degree Programme in Business Information Technology Bachelor’s Thesis December, 2012 Laurea University of Applied Sciences Abstract Laurea Leppà ¤vaara Bachelor’s Degree Programme in Business Information Technology Daramola, Oladipo Renewable Energy Market Analysis in Nigeria Year 2012 Pages 110 This thesis project research was conducted as part of the CONNECTRead MoreEmpirical Model, Operationalization And Measurement Of Variables, Target Population, Sampling Design, Data Collection, And8730 Words   |  35 PagesCHAPTER THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction This chapter comprised of research design, research philosophy, empirical model, operationalization and measurement of variables, target population, sampling design, data collection instruments, data collection procedure and data analysis and presentation. The operational methodology that was used in this study was the before and after basis where data was collected on firms before using venture capital and after using venture capital. (BueselinckRead MoreMonetary Policy of India During Recession6337 Words   |  26 Pages| |2009 | | |University of Economics- Wroclaw | | | | | |Satish Kumar M.K Masters in Finance | | |Yr-1 | |Monetary Policy Project | |India’s Monetary Policy during recession,Read MoreLodging Inductry24737 Words   |  99 Pagessupport. Finally, the chapter introduces the various components of the marketing mix: promotion, product, price, and distribution. Distribution is sometimes called place and the marketing mix is called the 4 Ps. Marketing also includes research, information systems, and planning. If marketers do a good job of choosing the appropriate target markets and presenting an effective promotion mix, the result will be attractive products and satisfied customers. This would include identifying consumer needsRead MoreInnovation and Business Performance: a Literature Review16983 Words   |  68 PagesPotential research avenues REFERENCES 28 28 28 29 29 29 31 34 34 35 36 38 39 39 40 40 41 42 43 45 45 45 49 ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Innovation has been cited as one of the key factors that affects competitiveness. Yet despite widespread agreement about its benefits, innovation is still poorly understood. Definitions are confused and the link between innovation and business performance remains to be proven. This literature review reports the first stage of an extensive study into the relationshipsRead MoreTiffanys Case Study6490 Words   |  26 PagesEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The specialty retail industry quickly returned to normal following the United States economic downturn in 2001, partly due to the increasing trend of middle-income American consumers demanding luxury at every level. Within the luxury industry, the jewellery sector is largest with global retail sales amounting to $150 billion. Tiffany amp; Co. currently is the leader within the jewellery industry. Tiffany recognized the growing number of consumers demanding luxury at mid-levelRead MoreThe Effect of Promotion and Market Share Enhancement on the Nigerian Banking Industries.13810 Words   |  56 Pages Discount House, Nigerian Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC), Finance House, Nigerian Stock Exchange and other financial institutions. Broadly speaking, banking business is concerned with the offering of services, which include deposit collection, financial services, monetary transmission, credit services, foreign exchange services, among others. To offer these services efficiently and effectively to clients, corporate marketing managers must understand and practice marketing (Berry, 1974)Read MoreMai Property Management Business Plan5877 Words   |  24 Pagesin Management Ernest Norris Mai Property Management Business Plan Table of Contents Section 1: Executive Summary on Mai Property Management 3 Section 2: Code of Conduct 7 Section 3: Operations 11 Section 4: Marketing Plan 14 Section 5: Information Technology 19 Section 6: Financial Plan 22 Section 7: Management Summary 23 References 26 Appendix 27 Executive Summary Business Description At Mai Property Management Company is to provide full gross services on managing multi-family apartmentsRead MoreBt Direct Marketing5972 Words   |  24 Pagesachieve the already given targets and also prepare BT for an opening to new horizons. In addition, in order to face the fast changing environment we have to introduce within the companies activities like cross selling and e-marketing. A new era is at about to start, where BT will become one of the leaders within the global telecommunications industry starting from its dominance in the UK. 2.0 Preface of our Potential Marketing Plan Strategy Marketing is considered to be the most visible functional

History of Programming Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Gabbrielli and Martini (2010) traces the evolution of programming styles, methods, and factors of change over the years while Sebesta (2005) provides an overview of various languages and their significance over the same period. Through these resources and a few others, as space permits, this paper gives a short description of how programming developed in the last 60 years. Programming styles, generations and factors of change Gabbrielli and Martini (2010: pp 413-417) discuss the developments in programming since the first effort to program computers since the late 1940’s. A summary of their investigation is given here. The initial computers like the EDSAC, Mark I and ENIAC etc. were large devices as computer chips, or even transistors were not invented by then. The size, cost and novelty of computers restricted their use mainly for research or occasionally for military purposes. Programming was not considered to be a mainstream requirement and the only way to communicate with these machines was through machine language using binary numbers. Machines languages were cumbersome to use and historically considered the â€Å"first generation† of languages. The â€Å"second generation† followed soon based on the need for relatively easier to remember coding instructions. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Programming or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The assembler languages fall into this category. â€Å"Assemblers† converted these assembly language instructions to machine code instructions and had almost a one-to-one correspondence with each other with the only difference being that programmers did not have to code directly in the binary language and could use mnemonics for simple binary constructs. Both assembler and machine languages were computer specific and not portable. A leap in programming language development came in the 1950’s with the design of â€Å"third generation† or â€Å"high level† languages, which were a level of abstraction above the previous two categories. This meant that the programming instructions were independent of the underlying hardware and the same program could be used on different machines if the compiler for that language existed. The introduction of FORTRAN in 1957 is considered a land mark in programming history by being the first o f third generation languages. Unlike assemblers, FORTRAN and other languages that followed it included the ability to include algorithms and easier to understand for human users. Later on, languages were developed, sometimes called the â€Å"fourth generation† languages, which were non procedural and use specific (Shelly & Vermaat, 2010: p: 444).

Parenting Styles Have Impact On Society - 1096 Words

Parenting styles have had an impact on society for centuries. The way caregivers bring up the children they are responsible for, paves the way to their future and personality. Children are continuously interpreting the things that their caregivers do. Including messages, body language, conversations, actions and the different styles of parenting. Various parenting styles continue to reflect the different patterns in parental behaviours. These are influenced in their family environments in which both parents and child live in. Individuals who come from families of a single - parent are more acceptable to responsibility, decision making and independence than an individual that resides in a dual-parent home (Pearson, 2009). Researchers continue to support the assumption that parents cannot be characterized into a single parenting style and the impact of parenting style on lifestyle factors is influenced by social and environmental factors. Parenting styles have also shown to differ bas ed on ethnicity (Johnson, 2012). As centuries go by the difference between the parenting styles change. In 1992, according to Steinberg and associates there were three types of parenting styles. This consist of acceptance-involvement, psychological autonomy-granting and behavioural strictness-supervision (Zakeria, 2011). Since than there have been four fundamental types of parenting styles that will be examined in this paper. Among these four includes authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, andShow MoreRelatedCross-Cultural Differences Between Asian American Parenting1397 Words   |  6 PagesBetween Asian American Parenting Styles To compare, another study, by Cindy Lin and Fu (1990) compared and contrasted the parenting styles amongst Chinese, Immigrant Chinese, and Caucasian-American parents. The study was conducted on mothers and fathers of 138 kindergarteners, and first and second graders in the USA and Taiwan. This study researched the parental authoritativeness, academic achievement, and independence encouragement amongst the two cultures, and parenting styles through the use ofRead MoreParenting Styles and Their Effects on Children1545 Words   |  7 Pagesstudies have found patterns in parenting styles and their effects on children. Parenting isn’t only a collection of skills, rules, and tricks of the trade (Lloyd, Carol. 2012)†, it defines who you become, reflects your culture and represents values important in a family. Parenting style has a long term impact on a child’s development, success and outlook on life. The three styles of parenting are permissive parenting/hands-off p arenting , authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting .StudiesRead MoreTaking a Look at Different Parenting Styles757 Words   |  3 Pagesway they do† (Belsky, 2005)? When it comes to parenting, the demeanor and strategies, in which parents practice, in order to efficiently integrate their children into society defines parenting style. Studies encompassing parenting styles show that no two styles are considered similar. Jay Belsky, professor of psychology, uses his process model of the determinants of parenting to emphasize, â€Å"the social-contextual factors and forces that shape parenting† (Belsky, 2005). According to Belsky, these parentalRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Influence On Children1264 Words   |  6 Pagesmay become a parent but just because you have a child or children does not mean you have the fundamentals of being a good parent. Raising children you should be ready to teach, construct develop have conformity in the home and nature skills into your child so they are ready for society and the world in their near future. When parenting a child there are serval ways to raise children. Many parents prefer different methods over others. Some parenting styles are use more than others and are much favorableRead MoreHow Does Parenting Affect Children? Essay982 Words   |  4 Pages How Does Parenting Affect Children? All parents have their own methods of raising their children. Some parents are more lenient, some strict, and some are absent entirely. What effect does this have on the children as they grow into adulthood? Studies have shown that different parenting styles can affect a child’s psychological development as well as the child’s overall psychological well-being. Parenting style can determine whether the child will have issues such as problematic behavior or poorRead MoreChild Rearing Is The Right Type Of Parents983 Words   |  4 Pagesand I have talked to each other about having a child. We have discussed about the possibilities that could happen if we do decide to go through with it. More importantly, how good of a parent can we become? Will we be able to provide for all the needs of the child? Will we be able to instill the needed values for the child to grow as an upstanding person? How can we be the right type of parents and should we do it the American or the F ilipino way? These are the discussions that we have everyRead MoreParenting Styles And Their Effects On The Child Development Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesParenting Styles and their Effects on the Child Development Parenting is the process of raising a child. It is one of the oldest responsibilities parents have towards their children. Be a parent can be challenging and rewarding as well. Each parent uses different parenting styles. In the early 1960s, Diana Baumrind concluded that parenting styles differ in four important areas: parents warmth/nurturance, discipline strategy, communication skills, and expectations of maturity. She concluded thatRead MoreComparison of Parenting Styles948 Words   |  4 Pagesup to be successful contributing members of society. Being a parent is a difficult, yet rewarding task. But why do some types of parenting result in juvenile delinquency while others find success. There are four generally recognized parenting styles and are categorized: authoritarian, permissive, neglectful, and authoritative. This essay will break down the various styles, its type(s) of discipline and effectiveness. The authoritarian style of parenting is control focused and militaristic in approachRead MoreAnalysis Of Akeelah And The Bee1018 Words   |  5 PagesArmstrong, Mullen Zigman, 2006). Parenting Style The character Tanya Anderson, the mother of Akeelah Anderson, in â€Å"Akeelah and the Bee† displays an authoritarian parenting style throughout a considerable portion of the film. In the beginning of the movie the matriarchal leader figure of the home, Tanya, demands everyone come to the table and devalues all but one of her children because they were not quick enough to dinner. During this scene, she states, â€Å"†¦.at least I have one baby who appreciates allRead MoreA Research Project On Children s Experiences And The Information They Display On Blogging Websites And Social Media1411 Words   |  6 Pagesmaybe how it is controlling their style of parenting. For this study, I compared and analysed a range of mummy and daddy blogs and the trends they present alongside with the literature. Through this study I could compare how mothers and fathers use this social media and Internet websites, if they seek the same info, if they have the same support offered and as well how they are seen. Results Themes underlying the blog post; In analysing range of 30 blog parenting blog post, three main themes became

What Made Theodore Roosevelt a Great Leader Essay

What made Theodore Roosevelt such a great president and person? Many people aspire to be like him, but he sets a high bar for humanity. He is in many peoples opinions one of the greatest presidents of the United States, so incredible that his face is set in stone and will be for hundreds of years in the future. Theodore Roosevelt, Junior was born on October 27, 1858. His father was Theodore, Roosevelt, Senior and his mother was Martha Stewart Bulloch. He lived in New York City in a section that is called today, Gramercy. Theodore had an older sister, a younger brother, and a younger sister. When young Roosevelt was often sick, he had to sleep propped up in a or slouching in a chair. Theodore boxed and exercised to fight his†¦show more content†¦The Lincoln Principle, If you never try, youll never succeed, applies greatly to Theodore Roosevelt. If he had not tried to change America many things would be different even now. He regulated businesses more so that they di dnt become as powerful as they were becoming. He wanted to change things so he did. If he had not pushed to have the Panama Canal finished it probably would have taken much longer and more people may have died in the making of the Canal from going slower and more mosquitos and such insects are able to suck the blood from people. This puts them at a higher risk to get diseases transmitted by the insects. Remember that the best leaders never stop learning also applies to Roosevelt. He knew that he had to learn from his advisors as well as the American people and had to listen to what they wanted as well. He learned from people wherever he went. Because he was a fan of Progressionism he knew that to go forward he had to listen to more than just what he thought, and that he couldnt be stubborn. Roosevelt would try to not make mistakes when speaking publicly. Roosevelt could not afford to be a bad speaker as then it would reflect badly on the United States Government and the Peop les choice of the best possible candidate for president. People would listen to his words, he knew if he said the wrong thing it couldShow MoreRelatedAndrew Jackson And Theadore Roosevelt Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesAndrew Jackson and Theodore Roosevelt were two men with very many things in common. They both were Presidents in the United States of America at some point in time. They each have served many years as some sort of governor with Jackson being the military governor of Florida and Roosevelt being the governor of New York. Roosevelt and Jackson were major influences towards this country. But even with those similarities between them they were two men with differences. One was a big military man whileRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt : A Leader Of This Great Nation1666 Words   |  7 PagesForty-three men have served the United States as the leader of this great nation. This responsibility is not an easy one. In the late 1920s, Mount Rushmore was being planned and the archite ct decided to include four of the forty-three presidents, then 30 to select from, that have served the United States: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln. It is clear why George Washington, as the first president, Thomas Jefferson, as third president and author of the DeclarationRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt, Jr.975 Words   |  4 PagesIsaac Ramirez Mrs. Christian 6th period November 17, 2014 Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. â€Å"It is hard to fail, but it is worse never to have tried to succeed.† (TheodoreRoosevelt.BrainyQuote.com. Xplore Inc, 2014. 17 November2014.http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/t/theodorero103482.html ) The reason why this quote relates to what he did is he did not stop and quit , although the catastrophes . He still managed to keep going and it is saying that its easier to at leastRead MoreEssay on President Theodore Roosevelt1062 Words   |  5 PagesPresident Theodore Roosevelt was the outmost incredible president of our nation. He cared about every aspect of our country. He was remarkable, brilliant, and strong. He brought something different to the table of the presidential legacy. His personality, however was like no other, he was an impossible act to follow. He also was impetuous and did not hesitate to work around the regulations to get what he wanted. With the assassination of President McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt stepped up to becomeRead MoreTeddy Roosevelt And The Development Of The National Parks1353 Words   |  6 Pages Teddy Roosevelt and the development of the National Parks 11/30/2014 Nicholas Wittkopp He was the youngest candidate to become president. He was the leader of the progressive movement. He was our twenty sixth president, he served from 09/14/1901 to 03/4/1909. He was a writer of thirty five books. He was New York s thirty third governor. He was a naturalist. He was a war hero in the Spanish-American War. He was a member of rough riders. He trust busted forty corporations. He made pure food andRead More Theodore Roosevelt Essay1657 Words   |  7 PagesTheodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt was a strong leader and ruled with an iron fist as a president. He conquered the frontier and went on to conquer other countries as well. Roosevelt was a born leader. During his childhood he overcame his sickness by exercising and participating in outdoor activities. After Theodore graduated from Harvard he went straight into politics. He began his career as the president of the New York Board of Police Commissioners. Later Roosevelt continued his careerRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt . Introduction To The Life Of Theodore1574 Words   |  7 PagesTHEODORE ROOSEVELT Introduction to the Life of Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt was born October 27, 1858 in New York City to Theodore Roosevelt Sr. and Martha Bulloch. Theodore was also known as Teedie or Teddy. Due to his continuing battle with health issues, which started at birth, Roosevelt was homeschooled along with his siblings. The family house also had a gymnasium where he lifted weights and boxed to help him gain strength. Despite what appeared to be a sickly and weak child, RooseveltRead MoreTheodore Roosevelt s Views On The Black Man895 Words   |  4 PagesTheodore Roosevelt is many things; a soldier, nature lover, politician, and author.After watching the videos on Theodore Roosevelt, I found it intriguing on how he was one of the only few presidents to have ever received the Medal of Honor and the Nobel Prize during his lifetime. During which, he had written 35 books and was able to communicate in 6 different languages. Even for a multi-linguist like myself, having the ability to communicate and to maintain the level of knowled ge and comprehensionRead MoreMilitary History / Book Review The Rough Riders Essay1361 Words   |  6 Pagesgiven to the first U. S Volunteer Cavalry during 1898. Before becoming President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt leader the Cavalry along with Colonel Leonard Wood as second in command. The Rough Riders were part of the Spanish-American war; Battle of the Guasmas, Battle of San Jun Hill and Seige of Santiago. Roosevelt goes into details about his journey to Cuba in this book. Theodore Roosevelt was assistant secretary of the Navy and reassigned in 1898 to make the Rough Riders. As for LeonardRead MoreThe Presidency Of The United States1401 Words   |  6 Pagesnineteenth century presidents, such as Abraham Lincoln, wielded great power and significantly influenced the future of the United States, many were really just caretakers eclipsed in prominence by various industrialists and robber barons. The modern American presidency was actually the creation of Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt who by different means expanded and strengthened the office of the President of the United States. The Roosevelt family revolutionized how the United States operated and functioned

Marketing Plan for a Specific Business is Brisbane Boutique

Question: Prepare a social media marketing plan for the new business of the Brisbane Brewery Company? Answer: Executive Summary This marketing plan has been developed in the context of Brisbane Brewery Company which is considering the start up of its business in the Brisbane market for its wide range of alcoholic and non alcoholic brewery products. A brief analysis as carried out in relation to the marketing of products and services indicates that Brisbane Brewery Company is known as the provider of high quality brewery products initially in the market of Brisbane and South East Queensland. Based on its performance in such markets, it is considering its expansion into the entire Australia. The market analysis has been carried out in respect to the Brisbane market for the beverages related industry and the performance of analysis has indicated that there has been stiff level of competition being prevalent across such markets especially within well established brewery boutiques across the market. As a result, Brisbane Brewery Company is also likely to face significant level of effect of such highly competitive market conditions. The analysis of the external environment has also been carried out through the application of PESTEL analytical tool which revealed that the external environment particularly the political, economic and socio cultural conditions are highly favourable to Brisbane Brewery Company in performing the start up of its business and thereby in marketing it within such market. The analysis of Brisbane through SWOT analytical tool has indicated that the core strength point of the company is mainly in terms of its wide range of offerings, but the weakness is identified as its newness factor in the market. Apart from this, the marketing mix analysis has been carried out in relation to the companys alcoholic and non alcoholic range of offerings, and the product strategy as noted is mainly to offer wide range of products to its customers, and it also includes different variety of alcoholic and non alcoholic drinks. The company also focuses especially towards the quality factor. The analysis with respect to the pricing strategy indicated that the main focus of the Brisbane Brewery Company has been to target higher price or premium prices from its customers for the offerings as made by it. The place or distribution strategy considered in selling its wide range of brewery products is mainly through the supermarkets and retail chain stores and also through its own distribution outlets. Finally, the promotional strategy has been analysed and it has been assessed that the core focus of the company has been to promote its offerings through a rigorous adaptation of social media strategy. The promotional activities would be carried out through the application of both the offline media and the online media tools. A Description of the Organisation and Product or Service This marketing plan is in relation to Brisbane Brewing Company which has been a boutique brewery that is about to open in Brisbane, Queensland. The company is yet to start its operation and it has been in the process of building a state of art distilling plant in Brisbane northside with the aim of performing the production of uniquely different brewed drinks both alcoholic and non-alcoholic so that they can be distributed to final consumers through a range of retail outlets and licensed establishments. The distribution strategy that has been considered by the Brisbane Brewing Company is mainly to perform the distribution of its alcoholic and non-alcoholic products across Brisbane and South-East Queensland. However, the future plans of the company indicate that it intends to distribute its product across entire Queensland and Australia. Thus, the analysis of Brisbane Brewing Company indicated that the company has been in the process of starting up its operations and its core products and services offerings imply that it is planned to provide different flavours of both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks to its customers. Thus, it can be categorised within the beverage industry that aims at meeting out the drinking requirements of its customers. Market Analysis Direct and Indirect Competitors An analysis of market condition is essential in setting up an appropriate marketing strategy for Brisbane Brewing Company. The beverage market analysis in Brisbane Australia indicates that there have been direct as well as indirect competitors that are operating across the country. An analysis of the Brisbane market indicates that there are large ranges of boutiques that are currently operating and they have established themselves over the years. These are mainly identified as Castlenmaine Perkins, Green Beacon Brewing Company, Newstead Brewing Company, All Inn Brewing Company Croft Brewing Company and many more (Green Beacon Brewing Company, 2015). All these are the well established brewing company that are currently operating across Brisbane and some of these are international players that have gained significant level of recognition in the industry (Newstead Brewing Company, 2015). These boutiques are therefore known as direct competitors of the Brisbane Brewing Company, and as su ch, appropriate strategies need to be devised in ensuring that the company achieves higher level of growth and success despite highly competitive market. The indirect customers of the company in particular include the international and well established brewing companies such as Coca Cola, PepsiCo, and Boot Juice Bars etc. These companies would indirectly compete with the Brisbane Brewing Company with the soft drink market segments. PESTEL Analysis Political: Brisbane Chamber of Commerce affects the growth performance of businesses across the country, and the brewing boutiques are adequately supported across the region (Brisbane Chamber of Commerce, 2015). Economic: Brisbane economy is growing rapidly in respect to both the business class and general people, and there has been rising consciousness of maintaining health conditions. Thus, Brisbane Brewing Company gets good opportunities in marketing such growing target population (Aitken, 2013). Socio-Cultural: The socio cultural trend in Australia indicates that beer drinking trend has been highly popular across the country. People likes both the alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks and this is evident from their increasing consumption for such brewery (Brisbane the Emerging Cafe Scene, 2015). Technological: The technological implication is severe as the brewing companies in Brisbane make use of technology to a greater level in promoting their brands. The use of social media such as Facebook, Twitter is significantly higher in promoting their brands. Ecological: The impact of breweries over the ecological values is also significant because they account for the consumption of significant amount of natural resources such as water. As a result, the impact of brewery companies is significant over the ecological performance. Legal: There are specific labelling requirements as provided by Food Regulation Australia in respect to alcohol production companies that needs to be observed carefully. SWOT Analysis An analysis of Brisbane Brewing Company indicates that the strength point of the company is mainly its offerings in terms of both the alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks to its customers. In addition to this, the company also plans to enter into the Brisbane market initially with different flavours of beverages for its customers. As a result, the company is in a better position to target wide range of markets through its different flavours of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages for its customers. Apart from this, the weakness as evident in respect to the Brisbane Brewing Company is mainly its newness in the industry. The brand of Brisbane Brewing Company is newer into the market and as a result, this can be considered as a major weakness of the company in satisfying its customers. Apart from internal analysis, an analysis of Brisbane Brewing Company also indicates about the opportunities which have been identified as significant from the analysis of markets of breweries in Australia . The rising demand within customers for both the alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks is significant from the point of view of achieving higher level of growth by Brisbane Brewing Company. In terms of threats is concerned, the major threat is mainly in terms of stiff level of competition from the already established players in the industry within the brewery segment. Consumer Behaviour An analysis of the behaviour of consumer is essential in efficiently targeting them with the offerings as made by the company. The type of consumers including the target market for the product and services are analysed as follows: Type of Consumers: The type of consumers that are specifically considered by the company in targeting its products and services are mainly the young consumers especially in the demographic age details of 18-25 years of age especially in respect to alcoholic segments. Contrary to this, with respect to non-alcoholic segments, the target customers include 18-35years customer groups. The consumers for the non-alcoholic beverage mainly include customers that are conscious with their health performance and pays adequate attention towards enhancing their health through naturally extracted food drinks. However, the consumer in respect to alcoholic beverages is mainly those customers that have higher preferences for alcoholic beverages such as regular visitors of beer bars. Target Market: The target market that has initially been considered for the purpose of targeting the alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages is the market of Brisbane and South East Queensland and once the brand would achieve positive level of acceptance within its target customers, the distribution of the product will be expanded into the entire Australian markets (North Brisbane is Australias worst binge alcohol drinking area, 2014). Marketing Mix highlighting the Use of Social Media This section of analysis is now focused towards devising efficient marketing strategy through the consideration of marketing mix elements. The marketing mix comprises of four important Ps such as product, price, place and promotion. The strategy of the Brisbane Brewing Company in relation to these important Ps of marketing are analysed in this section through the consideration of social media in particular. These strategies are separately discussed as follows: Product: The strategy in relation to the product is the most significant factor in attracting customers because the effectiveness of companys offerings is a crucial determining factor to a companys overall success. As in relation to the given boutique, the core product that has been proposed to offer to the customers is mainly the combination of both the alcoholic beverages and non-alcoholic beverages. This is mainly because the Brisbane Brewing Company is focused towards satisfying the need and expectations of customers in the beverage industry. Regarding the offerings of breweries, the company proposed to provide a large range of variants in its offerings. As for instance, within the alcoholic drinks, the product menu of the company will include both the soft drinks as well as hard drinks. The customers that prefer to drink stronger beer would be offered with beer that has higher percentage of alcohol whereas customers having preference for light drinks would be offered with beer w ith lower percentage of alcohol into it. Apart from beer offerings to customers, they will also be offered with wine of different tastes and quality as well. This would also be included within the alcoholic drink category that has been planned to offer by Brisbane Brewing Company (Bowman and Gatignon, 2010). The current range of beers as offered by Brisbane Brewing Company under the name of Brewhouse Beers are categorised into different brand names including Sunshine that includes Honey Wheat, Star Lager including Classic Pilsner, Walker that includes American India Pale Ale and BPA i.e. business pale ale. These different categories of beers as offered to customers currently are aimed at satisfying the needs and expectations of different range of customers of the company that prefers different taste and preferences. The focus point of the Brisbane Brewing Company in this context is mainly in towards quality factor, as the company aims at maintaining higher quality levels in its offerings. Thus, the product strategy of the company is identified as satisfying the distinguishing needs and requirements of its wide range of customers. Along with the quality focus, the organisation also focuses towards the variety factor with emphasis on providing different kinds of tastes and preferences to i ts customers. The customers are therefore targeted with the product quality including the variety factor so that they are offered all their requirements under one roof (Brewhouse, 2015) Apart from the alcoholic products, the non-alcoholic products are also considered within the product portfolio as offered by Brisbane Brewery Company. The non alcoholic drinks also forms a part of the companys offerings, and this mainly include soft drinks especially for the non drinkers. These includes cola flavoured drink, different flavoured soft drinks including that of apples taste drinks, orange soft drinks, pineapple flavoured drinks, peach flavoured drink, litchi flavoured drink and many more. These are included within the soft drink category as planned to offer by the company. They are positioned as catering to the non alcoholic drink requirements of the customers of the company, and focused towards satisfying the healthy factor that has become the primary concern of the people at large. The product strategy with respect to different brewing products of the company is that they will be offered in different sizes such as 1000 L batches, bar in pots, pints, jugs, and tasting r acks. These different sizes as offered are aimed at catering to the individual needs and requirements of the customers in a positive way. Pricing Strategy: The strategy in relation to pricing is also crucial as it is an important determining factor with respect to the offerings as made by the company. This suggests that companies charging higher prices or premium prices for their products and services are usually regarded as catering to the needs and requirements of premium class customers, and their products are generally associated with higher quality levels. Contrary to this, the products that are made available in the market at the lower rates are generally regarded as of lower quality (Wenderoth, 2009). In respect to the given case of brewery products as offered by Brisbane Brewery Company, the importance of pricing factor is significant. The pricing strategy in relation to the brewery products of the company is considered as higher pricing strategy whereby both the alcoholic drinks and non alcoholic drinks are offered at premium rates to its customers. The premium pricing strategy is although considered in respec t to the alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages of the company, however, the prices for different sizes product would be different. The packages that are of 1000L are usually charged at lower unit rate as compared to the beverages offered in small sizes and shapes. Thus, the overall pricing strategy in relation to the offerings of the company would be premium prices for both the alcoholic and non alcoholic range of beverages as offered by the company (Brewhouse, 2015). Place Strategy: The success of a product is largely dependent on the place strategy that has been considered by the organisation in this context. The place strategy indicates about the availability of the products that has been made sure by the company across different locations so that they can be easily accessible to customers. The effectiveness of the products and services as offered by the business is mainly from its availability that has been made sure across different locations (Bowman and Gatignon, 2010). As in respect to the Brisbane Brewery Company, the strategy that has been considered in relation to the place is mainly to make the product available across all the major locations initially at Brisbane because the company aims at targeting its customers in the Brisbane markets initially. The effectiveness of the place strategy of the company is largely dependent on the distribution network and strategy that has been considered by the company (Brewhouse, 2015). In respect to the different brewery products that are planned to sell by the company in different shapes and sizes, the distribution strategy that would be applied is mainly through making its products available through different supermarkets and retail stores across Brisbane area. In addition to this, the companys own outlets will also be considered in selling the wide range of alcoholic and non alcoholic beverages to its customers. In these ways, the products and services would be physically made available to large range of customers across the company. However, it is not only the physical distribution of products and services, but there would also be the online distribution of its wide range of offerings that would be made in the local markets across Brisbane. The beer products as offered by the company would be made available via its own website whereby different ranges and categories of beers and non alcoholic drinks would be listed and they would be sold via the companys websit e (Brewhouse, 2015). In these ways, the distribution of products and services would be performed in relation to the offerings of the company across different markets so that they would be readily made available for its customers. Promotion Strategy: This has been the most crucial element in respect to the marketing mix, as adequate level of promotion of companys offering is important from the point of view of persuading customers in purchasing its products and services. Promotion would be carried out distinctively by way of applying both the offline media and the online media in the process. The platform for marketing would therefore be offline mode which includes marketing via print medium in the form of pamphlets distribution which would include details about the wide range of alcoholic and non alcoholic drinks as offered by the company, newspaper advertisements and also use of television advertisements performed through celebrity endorsements. These are the important modes of performing the promotion through the application of offline media by the company (Bowman and Gatignon, 2010). Apart from the above offline mode, there would also be the consideration of online mode in performing the promotion of the new business offerings. The strategy that would be considered by the researcher is mainly in terms of promoting through online mode is the social media marketing strategy. Social media marketing is an important way in which the products and services offerings by the company would be marketed to their target customers. The promotional strategy would be to link the offerings with the imagery that the products as offered are of high quality products by the company. The tone and voice of social media that will be utilised is mainly that the product is of high quality and caters to diverse needs of the customers. The brand would be promoted in a positive way via such online mode whereby there would be separate Facebook page that would be created in advertising the companys offerings. Apart from this, the use of Twitter would also be performed whereby the people should be encouraged to tweet about their experience and share any improvements that wish in the breweries as offered by it (Barefoot and Szabo, 2010). The implementation of the advertising through the application of social media is highly crucial from the point of view of achieving higher level of success. As a result, in respect to the marketing and promotion of the given brewery products via such social media, there will be the creation of a Facebook account in the name of Brisbane Brewery Company, and there would be separate advertising pages that would be designed. These pages would create adequate level of images of the breweries of the company and the people will be encouraged to share their views. There would not be any specific timing that would be considered in this respect, and the customers would be encouraged to share their opinion at regular basis. The testing would be done based on the positive level of comments or opinions as shared by the users, and also via assessing the number of likes in the Facebook page. The evaluation that the product has been highly efficient would be performed by way of applying the concept that higher number of likes and positive comments would mean that the product has been accepted and there has been positive marketing being performed and vice versa. The milestones that would be set to accomplish is 1000 Facebook likes and 300 re-tweets within a period of one month (Smith and Zook, 2011). Budget In performing the marketing of Brisbane Brewerys alcoholic and non alcoholic products, there would be specific budget that would be needed. As for instance, in performing the marketing through offline and online mode, there would be a budget of $50000 considered. The distribution of budget to both these online mode and offline mode is performed equally whereby $25000 would be applied in activities such as pamphlets distribution, newspaper and magazine advertisement and also through TV advertisement. The remaining $25000 will be utilised in the social media advertising including the usage of Facebook pay services to advertise products, Google Adsense in promoting products online and many more. In these ways, a budget of $50000 would be applied in performing the marketing of companys offerings via the online as well as offline mode. References Aitken, J. (2013). Brisbane Marketing's ambitious plans for economic growth [Online]. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/national/people/brisbane-marketings-ambitious-plans-for-economic-growth-20130107-2cbst.html [Accessed: 04 February 2015]. Brisbane the Emerging Cafe Scene, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://www.cafeculture.com/general-interest/brisbane-the-emerging-cafe-scene [Accessed: 04 February 2015]. Barefoot, D. and Szabo, J. (2010), Friends with Benefits: A Social Media Marketing Handbook, No Starch Press. Bowman, D. and Gatignon, H. (2010), Market Response and Marketing Mix Models: Trends and Research Opportunities, Now Publishers Inc. Brewhouse, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://www.brewhouse.com.au/sunshine [Accessed: 04 February 2015]. Brisbane Chamber of Commerce, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://brisbanechamber.org/ [Accessed: 04 February 2014]. Green Beacon Brewing Company, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://www.greenbeacon.com.au/our-story [Accessed: 04 February 2015]. Newstead Brewing Company, (2015) [Online]. Available at: https://newsteadbrewing.com.au/ [Accessed: 04 February 2015]. North Brisbane is Australias worst binge alcohol drinking area, (2014) [Online]. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/health/north-brisbane-is-australias-worst-binge-alcohol-drinking-area/story-fneuzlbd-1227041818517 [Accessed: 04 February 2015]. Smith, P.R. and Zook, Z. (2011), Marketing Communications: Integrating Offline and Online with Social Media, Kogan Page. Wenderoth, M. (2009), Particularities in the Marketing Mix for Service Operations, GRIN Verlag.

Role of Central Bank in Australia

Question: Discuss about the Report for the Role of Central Bank in Australia. Answer: Introduction The present report examines and analyses the role of central bank of Australia. In this context, it evaluates the role of central bank in Australia in implementing monetary policy, current economic environment of Australia, examination of effectiveness of monetary policy of the country, impact of the global issues on monetary policy and budget repair and the role of Authorized Deposit Institutions (ADIs) in dealing with credit and operational risk. At last, the report also provides some recommendations to the central bank of the country in improving the economic growth of Australia. Role of a central bank in Australia in implementing monetary policy and regulatory requirements imposed on the central bank in performing its responsibilities The Reserve Bank of Australia is the central bank of Australia that is responsible for developing monetary policy of the country. The monetary policy of the country takes major decisions involved in establishing interest rate in the financial markets. The board of Reserve bank of Australia determines the interest rates for meeting the objectives determined in the Reserve Bank Act 1959. The major objectives determined in the Reserve Bank Act 1959 are stabilizing the countrys currency, maintaining full employment and promoting economic prosperity and welfare of people in the country (Bishop, 2012). Thus, taking decisions regarding the interest rate is the main responsibility of the central bank of Australia that it performs through maintaining a uniform monetary policy in the country. The monetary policy developed through central bank of the country aims to promote sustainable growth of the economy through controlling inflation rates. Thus, the Reserve Bank of Australia encourages the long-term growth of the countrys economy through stabilizing the interest rates through the help of monetary policy developed. The monetary policy developed by the Reserve Bank Board forms a base on which the structure of interest rates in the country is established (Mayes and Toporowski, 2007). The Reserve Bank of Australia conducts its operations under the supervision of Council of Financial Regulators (CFR), Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA), Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) and the Australian Treasury. The central bank of the country regulatory shares its views and opinions with all these regulatory bodies for maintain the efficiency and effectiveness of the countrys financial system. The Reserve Bank of Australia has also membership in Financial Stability Board (FSB) and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) that regulates the reforms imposed by the central bank on the financial system of the country (International Monetary Fund, 2012). The FSB examines and evaluates the vulnerabilities impacting the financial system and suggest possible measures to be implemented by the central bank in addressing them. On the other hand, BCBS develops the international framework for prudence regulation of the countrys banks. The Reserv e Bank of the country works in co-operation with CFR agencies in the condition on occurrence of any crisis thus maintaining the financial stability. The CFR agencies advise the central bank of Australia about resolving the distress in the financial markets in emergency conditions (International Monetary Fund, 2012). Current economic environment of Australia The economy of Australia is categorized presently as one of the largest mixed economy internationally with GDP of approximately $1.62 trillion. The current economic growth of the country is estimated to be about 3.3% with inflation rate of 1.3 per cent. The Reserve Bank of Australia has presently kept the interest rates very low at about 1.75 per cent. This is mainly done by the central bank of the country to maintain a continuous economic growth despite of the decline in business investment (Letts and Ong, 2016). The lower interest rates is maintained by the RBA for meeting the demands of the domestic sector and thus to reduce the inflation. The RBA has developed and implemented the monetary policy for managing the exchange and interest rates in order to achieve the domestic objectives. The monetary policy developed by the bank plays a major role in overcoming the situation of high inflation through adjusting the interest rates. The conditions of high inflation may negatively impact the economic growth of the country by disturbing the price equilibrium. Thus, the monetary policy of RBA is particularly aimed at achieving lower positive inflation rate for maintaining the flexibility in the price systems (Campbell, 2016). In addition to this, the monetary policy of the country has also taken into account a short-run trade-off between inflation and employment. This is done mainly to achieve the determined target of inflation as set up by the RBA. The short-run trade-off policy aims at easing of monetary policy under the conditions of any emergency for stimulating the economic growth. As such, the monetary policy of the country plays a pivotal role in cash market by influencing the short-term interest rates for overnight borrowing (OECD, 2014). The monetary policy of RBA HAS ALSO significant effect on the asset prices as stock returns is highly influenced by the increase or decrease in the cash rate. As per the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), the monetary policy has a direct impact on the prices of assets through influencing their expected future returns. The participants in the financial markets make changes in their portfolio as per the changes implemented by the RBA in the monetary policy. The ch anges in the interest rate determined in the monetary policy announced by RBA cause significant changes in the financial markets through influencing the asset prices and yields. The increase in interest rate can enhance the asset prices and yields significantly and vice-versa (OECD, 2014). Analysis of Mr. Morrisons comments that central bank effectiveness has been exhausted Mr. Morrison in the article The Australian Treasurer has argued that the effectiveness of monetary policy developed by the central bank has exhausted. Mr. Morrison has stated that ability of monetary policy developed by the RBA is diminishing with cash rate at a record of 1.5 per cent. Thus, as per Mr. Morrison the effectiveness of central bank rate cuts has diminished and thus has opposed the further cuts in interest rates by RBA (Ryan, 2016). The comment made by Mr. Morrison can be said to be reasonable as the RBA should consider more opportunities for maintaining economic growth rather than reducing the interest rates more. The banking sector is largely negatively impacted by the negative interest rate policy through reduction in deposit rates. Also, the negatives rates on deposits can cause households and business to withdraw their cash from the bank thus causing instability in the financial market. Mr. Morrison in the article has suggested the use of alternative measures such as increasing the income of people and uplifting their living standards. The banking sector of the country is also emphasizing on the importance of fiscal policy for creating economic expansion (Caution over rate cuts 'reasonable': RBA, 2016). Fiscal policy would help the government of the country to control the expenditure and tax rates and thus regulating the money supply. Thus, the establishing the fiscal policy would help the government of the country to use its revenue and expenditure sources for monetary stimulus in the country rather than cutting the interest rates. The current monetary policy developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia is losing its effectiveness as low interest rates are creating a pressure on the prices lading to accumulation of debts (Kehoe, 2016). The low interest rates maintained by the RBA would only lead to a short-term increase in the economic activity and can cause disrupt in the financial stability in the long-run. Thus, it can be said that the Mr. Morrison statement regarding the monetary policy ineffectiveness is reasonable as low interest rates maintained by RBA is posing several challenges to the stability of the financial system (Ryan, 2016). Impact of the global issues on making monetary policy and budget repair difficult in Australia The global financial crisis had a huge impact on making the monetary policy and budget repair difficult in Australia. The global issues that occurred after the occurrence of financial crisis such as collapse of large financial institutions negatively impacted the financial markets globally. The main reason behind the global financial crisis was collapse of US sub-prime mortgage market and busting of housing boom that results in disruption of global financial system. In addition to this, the withdrawal of the UK from European Union known as Brexit is further resulting in global financial stability. The weakening of the global financial systems resulted in posing several challenges before the monetary policy of Australia and making budget repair difficult. Brexit is also likely to have a wide impact on the US presidential election and the political system of the country. This is due to the large impact of the Brexit on the global economy recession. The fallout of Brexit has resulted in slowing down of economic growth and causing volatility in the financial market. The central banks are proving to be largely ineffective in maintaining the stability of the global financial system. This is mainly due to weakening of the British Currency and the U.S. has to look for new partners from the European Union countries (How Brexit Will Change the World, 2016). Thus, the instability in the global financial system is further posing challenges before the Australias monetary policy effectiveness. The negative interest rate is creating pressure on the RBA decisions for further policy action. This can cause upward pressure on the Australian dollar with monetary policy becoming largely ineffective for further cutting down the interest rates. The government of Australia has only a potential option of implementing a fiscal policy on creating a match between government expenditure and revenues thus strengthening the Australian dollar (Assessing the implications of negative interest rates, 2016). However, with the weakening of the global financial system the Australian government is facing the challenge of increasing the tax revenue due to global recession. This would further cause the budget repair rather difficult and thus can hamper the successful implementation of fiscal policy by the government. The increase in housing prices in Sydney is furthe r disrupting the financial system with upward pressure on the Australian dollar. Thus, the global issues such as financial crisis and fallout of Brexit are making monetary policy and budget repair difficult in Australia (Heath, 2016). Discussion on Authorized Deposit Institutions (ADIs) dealing with credit, liquidity, operating and interest rate risks in Australia and use of Basel Records to deal with these risks Authorized Deposit Institutions (ADIs) includes banks and credit unions of Australia that have gain authority from Australian government under the Banking Act 1959 to take deposits from customers. The ADIs are developed by the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (APRA) for greater supply of funds that are gained directly from the capital markets. The rationale behind the concept of ADIs in Australia is to manage properly the deposits of investors by protecting it from the operational and interest rate risk (Apra Insight, 2012). The credit, liquidity, operational and interest-rate risk is lower for ADIs industry in Australia and thus is responsible for the large success of authorized deposit taking institutions in the country. The industry has remained profitable and well-capitalized and has not gained recession over the past 20 years in the Australia. The banking sector globally faces large risk on account of the bank restructuring as it is impacted directly with significant c hanges in the European Union rules and regulations. The ADIS however faces lower risk as it is not directly exposed to the fund markets and have limited exposure to economies of the European Union. Thus, global volatility has lower impact on the ADIs thus they effectively deal with credit, liquidity, operating and interest rate risk in Australia (Apra Insight, 2012). In addition to this, Basel Accords that are mainly the regulations of the banking sector namely Basel I, II, III also largely helps in dealing with capital and market risk. The banking regulations are established by the Basel Committee on Bank Supervision for ensuring that financial institutions have sufficient supply of funds for meeting their obligations (Peterson Institute, 2008). The Basel I that is first Basel accord aims at reducing the capital risk that is managing credit and liquidity risk faced by the baking institutions. As per the Basel I, all the banks globally are required to have a risk weight of 8% or less. The second Basel accord, Basel II, specially aims at reducing the market risk by encouraging sound banking practices. At last, Basel Accord III directs banks to maintain a minimum liquidity and equity ratio for preventing the occurrence of any financial crisis (Onyiriuba, 2015). Conclusion Thus, it can be summarized from the overall discussion held in the report that Reserve Bank of Australia plays a central role in regulating the monetary conditions in the country. The RBA is responsible for developing and implementing monetary policy that regulates interest rates in the country. However, RBA needs to adopt strong measures for enhancing the effectiveness of monetary m policy in order to stimulate the economic growth of the country that is slowing down due to global challenges. In addition to this, ADIs and Basel accords in Australia plays a large role in dealing with credit, liquidity, operational and interest-rate risks. Recommendations Thus, it can be recommended to the Reserve Bank of Australia on the basis of the overall discussion that it needs to make its monetary policy more effective by strengthening the economic growth of the country. The government of Australia is recommended to implement a fiscal policy in addition to monetary policy for promoting the growth of the banking sector. The RBA should develop a proper regulatory framework for protecting the impact of global issues on the economic growth of the Australia (Blanchard and Sheen, 2013). The fallout of Brexit is posing several challenges before the RBA and the Australian government to ensure the effectiveness of monetary policy and repairing the budget deficit. The low-interest rates is negatively impacting the business investment thus causing the decrease in tax revenue collected by the government. This is responsible for trade deficit in the country and thus the government of the country is recommended to adopt a strong fiscal policy for creating a match between tax revenue and expenditure (Canavan, 2016). Also, it should support the growth of ADIs industry in order to mitigate the liquidity and interest-rate risks as they do not have a direct exposure to euro economies as compared to that of banking sector. The APRA should also properly implement the Basel Accords for adequately managing the operational and market risk. References Apra Insight. (2012). Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.apra.gov.au/Insight/Documents/12-Insight-issue-2.pdf Assessing the implications of negative interest rates. (2016). Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2016/html/sp160728.en.html Bishop, T. (2012). Money, Banking and Monetary Policy. Lulu.com. Blanchard, O. and Sheen, J. (2013). Macroeconomics: Australasian Edition. Pearson Higher Education AU. Campbell, F. (2016). The Implementation of Monetary Policy: Domestic Market Operations. Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.rba.gov.au/mkt-operations/resources/implementation-mp.html Canavan, G. (2016). Why Fiscal Policy Is About to Make a Comeback. Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.dailyreckoning.com.au/fiscal-policy-make-comeback/2016/10/10/ Caution over rate cuts 'reasonable': RBA. (2016). Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.skynews.com.au/business/business/market/2016/10/18/caution-over-rate-cuts--reasonable---rba.html Heath, M. (2016). Australia Rejoins Global Disinflation Fight With Record Low Rate. Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-02/rba-cuts-rates-to-record-low-to-counter-low-inflation-weak-jobs How Brexit Will Change the World. (2016). Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2016/06/brexit-change-europe-britain-us-politics-213990 International Monetary Fund. (2012). Australia: Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking SupervisionDetailed Assessment of Observance. International Monetary Fund. Kehoe, J. (2016). Scott Morrison: No more RBA interest rate cuts. Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://reia.asn.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/10-Oct-Scott-Morrison-No-more-RBA-interest-rate-cuts.pdf Letts, S. and Ong, T. (2016). Interest rates left on hold by Reserve Bank at 1.75 per cent. Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-06-07/reserve-bank-leaves-interest-rates-on-hold-at-june-meeting/7484882 Mayes, D. and Toporowski, J. (2007). Open Market Operations and Financial Markets. Routledge. OECD. (2014). OECD Economic Surveys: Australia 2014. OECD Publishing. Onyiriuba, L. (2015). Emerging Market Bank Lending and Credit Risk Control: Evolving Strategies to Mitigate Credit Risk, Optimize Lending Portfolios, and Check Delinquent Loans. Academic Press. Peterson Institute.( 2008). Banking on Basel: The Future of International Financial Regulation. Ryan, P. (2016). Reserve Bank's interest rate cutting capacity may be at an end: Treasurer Scott Morrison. Retrieved on 2 December, 2016, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-10/scott-morrison-rba-capacity-to-cut-interest-rates-end/7918334